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The topic I am talking about is "the next wave of precision medicine - human microbiology." Just as the moderator said, the human microbiome is like a second set of genomes. As a complement to our current human genome, its research is in full swing. Today, I will introduce the current situation of the human microbiome. The first part is to introduce the background of the human microbiome, and the second part is the introduction of microbiological related industries in the world.
Human microbiome - the "second set of genomes" of the human body
On January 20, 2015, US President Barack Obama launched a precision medical plan in his State of the Union speech. In February of the same year, General Secretary Xi approved the Ministry of Science and Technology and the National Health and Family Planning Commission, and asked the state to set up China's precision medical strategy expert group to open China's precision medical plan.
The initial precision medicine is related to the detection and analysis of human genes, mainly for the detection of disease susceptibility genes in human genomes. With the development of precision medicine, more genetic tests related to people's current health status have received a lot of attention, such as liquid biopsy. In recent years, the human microbiome has been found to reflect human health conditions from the human body, especially some chronic diseases, and is a thorough non-invasive detection method, which is detected by feces and has become extremely hot in recent years. Therefore, human microbiometics is likely to become the next craze for precision medicine.
Composition of human microbiome
From birth, childhood, juvenile to adulthood, we are closely related to microbes all the time. From the beginning of birth, microbes began to colonize our human intestines. There are a lot of microorganisms in the food and air we contact every day. There are a lot of microorganisms in our skin, mouth and intestines. It can be said that the human body is a microbe. Super life body.
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This page of PPT mainly shows the distribution of microorganisms in different parts of the human body. The picture on the left shows the distribution of microbial mass in different parts of the human body. In general, there are about 1.5 kilograms of microorganisms in humans, including 10 grams of microbes in the nasal cavity, 20 grams in the mouth, 20 grams in the lungs, 1000 grams in the gastrointestinal tract, 200 grams in the skin, and 20 grams in the reproductive tract. Most human microbes are distributed in the gastrointestinal tract, accounting for more than 80% of the total weight of human microorganisms.
The figure on the right shows that in the human intestinal tract (digestive tract), the types and density of microorganisms distributed in different parts are also different, and different functions are exercised. The microorganisms in the esophagus are mainly from food and oral cavity. The main microorganisms in the stomach are Candida albicans and Helicobacter pylori. The duodenal microorganisms are mainly Bacteroides, Candida albicans, Lactobacillus, etc., as well as our jejunum and colon. Each part has some of their unique bacteria, and the colon is also the site with the highest density of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract.
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