Seattle protein engineer Aaron Chevalier predicts that molecular origami technology will be the future of drug development.
He and his team at the University of Washington spent a lot of time designing complex, folded amino acid chains to create molecules that are not found in nature. Their goal is to create a protein molecule that binds to the disease-causing virus to prevent the virus from infecting cells. Or create a protein molecule that can effectively block protein allergies.
"You can imagine a scenario where we use the designed protein to develop all the drugs and vaccines," said David Baker, director of the Institute of Protein Research at the University of Washington.
Protein engineering with difficulties and development
Of course, difficulties and development coexist: First, it is not clear whether our immune system accepts new foreign proteins, the body may produce immune rejection; second, even if these proteins show normal response on the computer, may come to the body It has failed for unknown reasons. In fact, it will take some time for these designed proteins to become our medicine cabinets.
Baker said: "Like other drugs, these proteins must be clinically tested before they can be applied to the human body."
Zhang Yang is a professor of biochemistry at the University of Michigan and an expert in protein engineering. He believes that Baker's work is promising, but it takes a long time to give a theoretically designed protein a therapeutic function. Because protein not only has its specific role, but also needs to interact with the function of the entire body.
"This process is very complicated, not only considering the interaction between proteins, but also side effects, the impact of the environment on protein function and the problem of protein transcription and translation," Zhang Yang said.
One afternoon in the summer, Chevalier showed the students of the experimental class the principle of protein folding. On the computer, it showed that a flat protein molecule was folded into a cup of protein molecules, which were then spread into a plane. He said: "This process is complicated, but it will be more difficult to design proteins for the treatment of diseases."
“It's not simply figuring out how to fold a protein molecule out of the shape of a cup, just like when you make a cup, the focus is on its hard, durable character and the ability to hold water. For the protein we design, we are not only concerned. Its shape is more about function and stability," Chevalier said.
The human body contains thousands of proteins. It is not only an important part of the body but also a carrier for the transport of substances in the body. It enables the free and accurate transfer of substances in cells and organisms. The accuracy is comparable to that of Switzerland. Don Hilvert, professor of organic chemistry at the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, who works with Baker, said: "The goal of protein engineering is to design new proteins for disease treatment."
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