Exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months can begin to gradually provide infants with other foods and fluids other than breast milk. While properly adding supplementary foods, breastfeeding should be continued until the age of 2 or over.
After the baby is born, feeding is a top priority. It seems simple. Many parents are prone to making mistakes. In the course of adding supplementary foods, in fact, many parents are "failed." Many mothers become overwhelmed when they need to add complementary foods. Some add food prematurely. Some foods are added incorrectly, or the food is not in the right condition, or there are too many varieties. How the baby's food supplement should be scientifically added? ?
Experts suggest that children's complementary foods should be added after 6 months of age, and should follow from less to more, from fine to coarse, from thin to thick. At the same time, parents should be alert to iron deficiency anemia.
6 months after adding food supplement
The netizen “Guangzhou Han Ming Mummy†stated that her baby started to add complementary foods in about 4 months, starting from a small amount of dilute rice paste, from 1 spoonful per day to two spoonfuls a week later, slowly Slowly increasing and later adding vegetable water. Consider adding egg yolks after 6 months. The in-laws of netizens “aavsnnj†insist on feeding rice paste three days after the child is born. "I really worry that my mother-in-law really feeds my baby's rice. I have heard that it will take at least three or four months."
In fact, these adults have made a mistake - prematurely add food supplements.
Dai Yaohua, chairman of the China Preventive Medicine Children's Health Branch, pointed out that breastfeeding should be conducted exclusively for 6 months. When breast milk can no longer fully meet the infant's nutritional needs, it can begin to provide other foods and liquids gradually. At the same time, breastfeeding should continue until 2 years or more. “The first supplementary food that children should add is grain foods – rice flour. In the past, it was thought that the first time you should add egg yolks. In fact, it has low iron content and low absorption and utilization.â€
Why 6 months after birth? Ma Guansheng, vice president of the China Nutrition Society, said that when the baby is 6 months old, digestive organs such as the gastrointestinal tract are relatively well developed and can digest foods other than breast milk. At the same time, the baby's oral motor function, sensory sensation such as taste, smell, and mental, cognitive, and behavioral skills are also ready to accept new foods. Adding complementary foods at this time can not only meet the nutritional needs of infants, but also satisfy their psychological needs, and promote the development of their perceptual, psychological and cognitive and behavioral capabilities.
About 1/3-1/2 of the energy needed for a 7-12 months old baby comes from the food supplement, and about 1/2-2/3 of the 13-24 months old baby's energy comes from the complementary food, but the iron needed for the infant's growth and development is as high as 99%. % comes from complementary foods, so the baby's first complementary food supplement should be iron-rich high-energy foods, such as iron-fortified baby rice noodles, meat paste and so on. On this basis, gradually introduce other different types of food to provide different nutrients.
Don't miss the opportunity window for adding fruits and vegetables in July and August
The addition of fruit is also a topic of concern for many parents.
Ma Guansheng introduced that the gradual conversion of infants from exclusive breastfeeding to a diverse diet lasted 18 months and was almost completed at about 24 months of age. In this process, the digestive system, sensory awareness, and cognitive behaviors of infants and young children are all changed quietly. The feeders should respond to changes in the development of infants and young children.
When a seven-to-eight-month-old baby's deciduous teeth erupt, with the need for food chewing, the development of sensory perception has the need for more colors, more flavors, and different textures to recognize and experience, and when adding fruits and vegetables of different types and textures, . Therefore, seven to eight months of age is the window of opportunity for adding fruits and vegetables and should not be missed.
However, parents should pay attention to the diversity of foods at the same time, to avoid the decrease of other food intake caused by excessive intake of fruits, and even to cause unhealthy eating habits such as picky eaters and partial eclipses.
â– Add principle
From less to more from fine to coarse should be gradual
There is always a parent who hopes to have enough nutrition for the baby. It is found that the baby is not well absorbed, and some may have a lack of nutrients, diarrhea, or allergies.
“Only one new food should be added at a time, from small to large, from thin to thick, and from fine to coarse, step by step.†Ma Guansheng suggested that starting from an iron-rich food, such as reinforced iron baby rice, Mud, etc., gradually increase the types of food, and transition to semi-solid or solid foods, such as rotten noodles, minced meat, smashed vegetables, and fruit granules. Each new food should be adapted for 2 to 3 days. Observe whether the baby has adverse reactions such as vomiting and diarrhea, and add other new foods after adjustment.
The baby's chewing and digestive abilities are relatively weak, but the energy density and nutrient density of complementary foods are both high. Dilute foods (such as gruel or rice soup) with low energy density and low nutrient density affect the intake of energy- and nutrient-rich foods and should be avoided as much as possible. In addition, the texture of the food should be suitable for infants to eat, and conditions should allow baby to do it as much as possible.
Dai Yaohua pointed out that ordinary meals can not meet the baby's requirements for some trace elements, such as vitamin A, vitamin D, iron, zinc, etc. Therefore, fortified food is also very important for children, such as enhanced iron rice flour, vitamin A fortified milk and so on.
â– Tips
Iron deficiency anemia
Mothers often ask, is the baby calcium deficiency? Or is the baby poor appetite, is it missing zinc? In fact, the most common missing elements of the baby include calcium, zinc, vitamins, and iron. The lack of the first three has received the attention of many mothers, but the understanding of iron deficiency is far lower than the first three, and iron deficiency The initial symptoms are often easily overlooked.
Dai Yaohua pointed out that before birth, the fetus obtains iron from the mother through the placenta and receives the most amount of iron in the third trimester of pregnancy. The average daily amount is about 4 mg. The iron obtained from the mother's body in term infants is sufficient for the period from April to May after birth. . After about 4 months of age, the iron that the baby gets from her mother gradually runs out. Together with the rapid growth and development at this time, hematopoiesis is active and the need for dietary iron is increased. The iron content of human milk and milk in the baby's staple food is low and cannot be satisfied. The body needs, the incidence of iron deficiency anemia in children from June to 2 years old is high.
"In addition to causing iron deficiency, iron deficiency can also produce a series of non-hematopoietic system manifestations such as weakened physical strength, fatigue, indifferent expression, and reduced intelligence. Iron deficiency can also cause abnormalities in tissue and organs and reduced cellular immune function, and is susceptible to infectious diseases. "Yao Yaohua pointed out that iron deficiency can affect cognitive, learning and behavioral development of infants and young children, persist into childhood, and have significant and irreversible permanent damage to children's learning and employment in adulthood.
Iron supplementation from iron supplement foods is a good way to prevent and treat iron deficiency anaemia. For example, reinforced iron rice flour and mud-based food supplements can effectively supplement nutrition and iron. Dai Yaohua introduced that the meat content in meat and animal livers is also high, and the meat can be supplemented with supplementary foods to supplement the nutritional needs of the baby. Oral iron preparations alone have gastrointestinal side effects that are difficult for infants and young children to absorb, and absorption is limited.
â– Food supplement tips
â— Starting from 6 months, babies can eat mud and semi-solid foods, 2-3 meals a day. WHO recommends that cereals are the ideal solid foods for babies, which are least likely to cause baby allergies and are rich in nutrients.
◠From the 8th month onwards, most babies can eat “finger food†(children can take food alone) and have 3-4 meals daily during 9-11 months.
â— From the 12th month, most children can eat homemade food, but pay attention to less oil and less salt, it is best to do it alone. Avoid foods that can cause suffocation. At 12-24 months, it is also 3-4 meals daily.
â— Eat two nutritious snacks twice a day, or provide as much meat, poultry, fish or eggs as possible, especially fish. If there is no animal or milk, cereals and beans and foods rich in vitamins A, C, B, B6, folic acid and calcium should be provided daily. Avoid drinking low-nutrient beverages. It is not recommended to eat too much yoghurt. Studies have shown that lactic acid eats more children and is more prone to hyperactivity.
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