Seedless watermelon has the advantages of excellent fruit quality, juicy and sweet taste, no seeding, convenient consumption, large potential for yield increase, and good economic benefits. It is the king of fruits in summer and becomes a high-end fruit for domestic trade. In Hainan Island and Yunnan and southern Guangxi, it is possible to cultivate in the off-season and occupy the spring market. In the northern melon region, it is best not to cultivate early, use seedlings to transplant plants in the wheat fields, or live in the open at the end of June to occupy the Yanqiu market. With the increase of market demand, the planting area
1. Preparation for land selection: 1.1 Areas where ordinary watermelon can be planted can be planted. The general requirements are to select a plot with low groundwater level, convenient drainage, deep soil upper layer and higher fertility. Autumn plowing and winter irrigation will be conducted in the early spring in time. 1.2 Giving full basal fertilizer: "basal fertilizer melon, dressing fertilizer Changteng", the general amount of basal fertilizer accounted for 70-80% of the total growth period, mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer. In general, 1-2 tons of organic fertilizer is applied in Mushi. The north is supplemented with 25-30 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer 15 to 25 kg/mu. The south is supplemented with potash 15-20 kg/mu. Nitrogen fertilizer 20-30 kg/mu. 2. Seed treatment: The key to seed treatment is shell breaking, humidity control and high temperature. 2.1 broken shell to increase the germination rate. Seedless watermelon seed coat thicker, difficult to germinate, take shell treatment, in order to facilitate germination. The method is: Using the back of the nail clipper, gently press the seed nozzle to make it slightly open mouth. 2.2 soaking and can not be acid fermentation. The seeds are soaked in warm water (75) for two and a half hours. The amount of water can be soaked in the seeds. Immediately after the water is controlled, it can be sown. It cannot be overnight. In order to prevent leaf blight, Phytophthora blight, Fusarium wilt and other diseases, it can also be combined with soaking, soaking for 1 hour with 1000 times solution of Dixon and 1500 times solution of carbendazim or 2000 times solution of chlorothalonil, and then rinse with clean water. Immediately sow without fermentation. 2.3 Controlling humidity and high temperature germination to improve seed utilization. Sand bed priming method: first prepare clean river sand, the humidity is hand-tight finger joints without water for the degree, the seed will be soaked seeded shell and equal volume of river sand and mix, set in the thermostatic chamber of 34-36 germination 18 - 28/hour.It is also possible to use a cloth-roll accelerating method to evenly soak seeds that have been soaked in shredded shells on moistened cotton cloth or washcloths. Stack the four sides of the cloth and roll it into a roll. Place it in a wooden box that holds wet sand or sawdust. In the condition of 34-36, the wooden box can be germinated after 18-28 hours. Or using electric blanket germination method, characterized by simple, safe and reliable, can guarantee a certain area of ​​the call for seed. The method is: Spread the electric blanket dry and put two layers of agricultural film on it to keep it wet.
Place a layer of 3cm thick sawdust on the membrane (wash with water first, then rinse with water, drain to dry and squeeze to make a group not drip, let loose it is appropriate), its soil: then shop - piece of cotton gauze, put Seeds soaked in shells are evenly laid flat on them. The seeds are covered with a warm and wet towel (wrinkled without dripping), the back cover of agricultural film and old quilts are kept warm, the temperature is controlled at 35 ren, and the germination is 18-28 hours. When the bud grows to 0.1-0.5cm, it can be sown.
3. Seeding and transplanting. 3.1 Watermelon is a thermophilic crop, and the whole growth period should be arranged in a season where the temperature is relatively high. Seedless watermelons are mostly mid-late-maturing varieties. Early cultivation can not fully express their characteristics, but the price is not competitive with early-maturing varieties. It is strongly advocated that the off-season cultivation and off-season cultivation should be carried out. 3.2 seedless watermelon seeds less expensive, nursery area should be selected during the planting period of two true leaves or three-leaf melon seedlings, a small number of plastic film planting areas, can be sterilized seed sowing, sowing the same day soaking, avoid overnight fermentation affect the seeds Emergence. In individual new planting areas, it is also possible to dry seeds directly on the wet film of the mulching film. Seedless watermelon seedling top soil ability is weak, sowing depth should be appropriate, the general film cultivation depth of sowing is 0.3-0.6em is appropriate, the film hole at the same time to cover a piece of sand, sand cover can increase the temperature, prevent rain harden. 3.3 Density: Reasonable dense planting can form the most appropriate group structure, make full use of light, heat, moisture and nutrients to ensure robust growth and achieve high yield and quality. In the rainy conditions in the south: 450-550 plants/mu, and in the north combined with 600-800 plants/mu. 4. Configure the pollination plant: Since the seedless watermelon has no combining ability because of its male and female pollen, pollination can not be seated on each other, and a certain proportion of ordinary seeded watermelon must be used as a pollination strain. 4.1 Selection of Pollination Varieties: Normal watermelons with strong resistance, fruit shape, skin color, and seedless watermelon fruit are used as pollination strains to avoid mixing of seed melons into seedless melons when harvesting, affecting the reputation of seedless watermelons. 4.2 The proportion of pollination plants: generally 1:4 (pollination strains: seedless watermelon), planted on interlaces or septa and allowed to pollinate naturally. In order to increase the yield per unit area of ​​the seedless melon, another pollination strain may be planted in the field or in another place, and 30 to 40 strains of pollination strains may be sufficient per seedless seedless melon. 4.3 Adjusting flowering time: Seedless watermelons are generally late in comparison with ordinary watermelons, and the third females are more late in retaining melons. In order to meet the female flower supply period with a large number of male flowers, pollination varieties similar to the flowering stage of watermelons should be selected. . 5. Plastic film covering the plastic film can increase temperature, protect soil, improve soil physical and chemical properties, increase production and income. 5.1 transplanting seedlings: First, a good ditch ridge, paved the mulch, require film flattening, when planted not broken broken roots, timely watering after planting. Conditions can also add a small arch. 5.2 Live fields can be used for on-demand film, seedlings in time to seal the soil, or broken film holes on the spot to cover sand. Pay attention to the depth of sowing and sand thickness. 6. Field management: Seedless watermelon has four fertility characteristics of “tight mouth,†“weak seedlings,†“difficult to settle fruit,†and “strong stamina.†Comprehensive measures of “two promotion and one control†are adopted in cultivation. After the seedlings "promote" the fruit, "control" water and fertilizer before the fruit set. 6.1 Efforts should be made to raise seedlings, and “promote†seedlings early. Seedlings transplanted and transplanted grow slowly, and should be used to raise seedlings. When combined with watering seedlings, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied is 5-8 kg. Flowering "control" fertilization, melon seedlings group, to the third female flower melon fist, generally takes 15-18 days, this stage is not fertilized with water, so that plants grow robust but not long. Shi Zhuang fruit fertilizer, promote fruit enlargement. After the melons were set, the plants shifted from vegetative growth to reproductive peaks and should reapply fruit fertilizers. Generally 70-80% of the size of the fruit planting fruit fist, big fertilizer water promotes the rapid expansion of the fruit, improve quality. Generally, the amount of chemical fertilizer to be applied is 10 kg of nitrogen fertilizer/mu, 20 kg of phosphorus fertilizer/mu of 15 kg of potassium fertilizer/mu, and the water should be poured 2-3 times. 6.2 pruning, pressure vines: timely pressure vines pruning, in order to adjust the ventilation and light conditions in the field, expand the assimilation area, improve the utilization of light energy, so that the leaf area coefficient to achieve the best high yield indicators. The fields with adequate fertility conditions were double-vine pruning, and the fertility conditions were poor with triple vine pruning. Should not be too early or too late, too early, stems and leaves are not lush, is not conducive to the development of the root system, too late, Litaceae can damage the stems and leaves. After the melon seat is stable, it is no longer pruning. According to the growth of the plant, appropriate pressure vines are used to regulate the ventilation and light transmission conditions in the field and the distribution of nutrients is reasonable. In areas where rainfall is high, secondary roots can be increased to reduce nutrient transport. 7. Artificial pollination: In the case of natural pollination, although with a pollination strain, the fruit-setting rate of the seedless watermelon is lower than that of the ordinary watermelon, and artificially-assisted pollination helps the nest fruit to be neat and increase the commodity rate. 7.1 pollination time; every morning when the sun just comes out, you can pick male flowers. The female flowers are pollinated at 5-9 in the morning. Before flowering on a rainy day, the female flowers are covered with wax paper caps. After the rain stops, pollination is performed. However, if the stigma of female flowers is polluted, the pollination is invalid. 7.2 Seedless watermelon should be selected 3rd or 4th female flower pollination. Pick the male flower of the pollinating plant, remove the corolla, and gently apply the pollen grains to the stigma of the seedless watermelon. Be careful not to scratch the stigma. A male flower can grant 5-8 female flowers. 7.3 Fruit placement: When pollinating, the combination of selecting melons and removing the "root melons" (melons within 15 knots) will be selected in the main vines 18-23 and the lateral vines will be about 15 knots. When female flowers bloom, they are more than 40 centimeters away from the top of the vine. This indicates that the growth is excessively prosperous. Twisting faucet measures should be taken. That is to say, sprains the stems at the leaves of the female flowers after 2-3 leaves, preventing the nutrient from being transported forward and inhibiting the top "Advantage" is conducive to the expansion of young fruit. 8. Pest control 8.1 Disease: Seedless watermelon has strong disease resistance. Focus on prevention, adhere to clean drainage, reduce the humidity in the field. Chemical agents are used alternately with Bordeaux mixture, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, mancozeb, and chlorothalonil. 8.2 Insect pests: The pests at the seedling stage mainly include thrips, aphids, and ground tigers. They can be controlled by dimethoate, trichlorfon, etc. During the middle and late stages of growth, there are aphids and red spiders, which can be controlled by dimethoate and dicofol. 9. Timely harvesting: The quality of seedless watermelons has a great relationship with the maturity of the fruits. The timely harvesting can fully reflect the characteristics and characteristics of the varieties. It is not only thin, sweet, and good in color, but also has good texture and flavor. Early harvesting, thick skin, poor flavor and poor flavor. Late, soft tissue, shrinking, hollow, fiber and more, can be judged according to the color of the fruit surface, yellow tendrils, and popping sound, a reliable method is to tag the pollen, determine the harvest date by the fruit growth period . 10. Precautions: The cultivation of watermelons has a large area and the resources such as water, fertilizer, gas, heat and light vary greatly. The cultivation habits and technologies are not the same. Hope the majority of melon farmers follow the technical regulations of the local agricultural technology promotion department. This document Just for reference. Recommended reading: http://jilin.zgny.com.cn/Cut-resistant Gloves and Sleeves
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