Research progress on ultrasonic extraction of flavonoids
Many natural products have their unique advantages in health care and treatment of diseases, so they are getting more and more people's attention, and their application range is wider and wider. Since many of the drawbacks of the traditional extraction method cannot meet the actual needs, a faster and more efficient extraction method is needed in the extraction. Ultrasonic extraction is a new type of physical extraction method, which is attracting people's attention because of its rapid and efficient effect and little impact on nutritional value. Ultrasonic waves are mechanical waves propagating in an elastic medium with a vibration frequency higher than that of sound waves (20 kHz). They generate and transmit powerful energy, giving the medium (such as solid small particles or agglomerates) a great acceleration. When the energy received inside the particle is sufficient to overcome the binding energy of the structure, the solid particles (or agglomerates) are broken (or depolymerized), thereby promoting the dissolution of the active components in the cell: this energy acts on the liquid, and the vibration is in a sparse state. The liquid will tear into small cavities which close at once, and when closed, generate instantaneous pressures of up to several tens of atmospheres, which is called cavitation. This hole phenomenon can refine various substances and produce a milk solution, and accelerate the dissolution of active ingredients in the cells. In addition, the secondary effects of ultrasound, such as mechanical vibration, emulsification, diffusion, crushing, chemical effects, etc., can also accelerate the diffusion and release of the active components in the cells and mix them with the solvent to facilitate extraction. The following is an overview of the research results of ultrasound in recent years.
Flavonoid
The ultrasonic extraction process of Momordica charantia L. was optimized by orthogonal test and compared with the traditional extraction method. Ultrasonic power, extraction time and ratio of material to liquid were selected as the factors to be investigated. Three factors were designed for each factor. The variance analysis showed that the change of ultrasonic power had a large influence on the extraction, followed by the extraction time and the ratio of material to liquid. Considering various factors, the ultrasonic extraction conditions of Momordica charantia L. were extracted with 90% ethanol, the ultrasonic power was 80W, and the extraction was 20min. The ratio of material to liquid was 1:30 (g:ml, the same below), compared with the traditional extraction method. The amount is 1.36 times that of the traditional method, and the extraction time is 1/9 of the traditional extraction method. Ultrasonic extraction of flavonoids from scutellariae was studied. The effects of ethanol concentration, solid-liquid ratio, ultrasonic assisted extraction time and extraction temperature on the extraction rate of flavonoids were investigated. It is: using 60% ethanol, the temperature is 75 ° C, the ratio of material to liquid is 1:15, and the extraction is carried out for 2 times. The total extraction rate of flavonoids can reach 99.84%. After Zui, the extraction of Zui excellent is determined by orthogonal method. The process was compared with conventional hot reflux extraction. The results show that the ultrasonic method is superior to the conventional hot reflux extraction method. Ultrasonic extraction of total flavonoids from Jiulixiang. Using 95% ethanol as the extractant, the content was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The content of total flavonoids in the sample was 1.0128 mg/ml, and the recovery was 102.5%. The flavonoids obtained by the ultrasonic extraction and purification methods have high purity. The process of extracting total flavonoids from bulbs of Buddhism was studied by ultrasonic extraction. The extraction rate was determined by single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment. The extraction conditions of zui were determined by ultrasonic extraction at 80% ethanol, 80 ° C, 1:30 ratio of material to liquid, and the relative extraction rate of single total flavonoids reached 92.32. %, which reaches 99.25% twice in succession, and saves a lot of time compared to the traditional method, is a method for studying and utilizing Liliaceae plants. The total flavonoids in the male inflorescence of Populus tomentosa were extracted by ultrasonic wave. The ultrasonic power, extraction time, ratio of material to liquid and concentration of extract were tested respectively. The extraction time and ratio of material to liquid were obtained. The effect is: as time goes on or the proportion of material to liquid increases, the yield shows a trend of increasing gradually; with the increase of ethanol concentration, the yield of flavonoids gradually decreases; in a certain range of ultrasonic power, the yield is The power increases and increases, but when a certain power is reached, the yield does not increase. The excellent extraction process of ultrasonic extraction is: ethanol concentration 70%, ultrasonic power 150W, extraction time 40min, material-liquid ratio 1:30. Ultrasonic extraction of flavonoids from hawthorn leaves was carried out by ethanol. Ethanol was used as solvent. Different ethanol concentrations, different treatment times and different ratios of solid to liquid were the main factors. The extraction rate of total flavonoids in the leached samples was mainly Investigate the indicators to determine the optimal extraction conditions for zui. It is concluded that the concentration of ethanol affects the extraction rate, followed by the ultrasonic extraction time, and the effect of the ratio of material to liquid is small. And the extraction conditions of zui are as follows: ethanol concentration is 50%, ultrasonic action time is 45 min, and the ratio of material to liquid is 1:25. At this time, the extraction rate was 91.39%. Compared with conventional Soxhlet extraction, the extraction time and solvent usage are greatly reduced, and a higher extraction rate can be achieved.
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