Sorghum often develops smut during the growth process, and the cutback is usually 5% to 10%, and the incidence is as high as 80%. Smut is the main control disease in sorghum production.
1. Symptoms There are three types of sorghum smut, namely scattered head smut, head smut, and head smut.
The panicle head, its grain, and the inner and outer culms of the scattered smuts turned into black powder and were covered with a dark gray film. In the later period, the film was easy to break. After the break, black powder was scattered and the long axis was left. The diseased plants were slightly shorter than the healthy plants and the earings were earlier than the healthy plants.
The panicles and seeds of the head smut are gray and oblong, filled with black powder, with a thin film on the outside, very hard and not easily broken.
Head smut The diseased ear turns into a grey bag. The outside bread has a white film. When the germs mature, the gray bag breaks easily, and a large amount of black powder is emitted, leaving behind black hair like hair.
2. Infection Pathway Head smut and scattered smut were mainly infected with seeds, and head smut was mainly soil infection. All three kinds of pathogens invade the seedlings after sowing. As the plants grow, they invade the panicle when they are heading and form diseased ears. Generally, after sowing, the temperature is low, the emergence is slow, the disease is easy to occur, and the incidence of heavily-fertilized or applied fertilizer is serious.
3. Control methods (1) Rotation, selection of disease-resistant varieties: the implementation of more than 3 years of rotation, the selection of disease-resistant varieties, timely cultivation, the disease was found during the heading period before the black powder was not uprooted, timely burned or buried. (2) seed dressing. For every 100 kg of seeds, 25% triadimefon wettable powder 0.4 kg or 20% rustin emulsion 1.25 liters or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 0.7 kg can be added with appropriate amount of water. The seed dressing should be uniform, and the mixture should be stuffed for 4 hours after being mixed. After drying, it can be sown.
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