Currently at the peak of grape harvesting, a farmer friend called and told the author that he applied bio-organic compound fertilizer to some grapes in the vineyard last autumn. This year, the yield per plant of this part of the grape was higher than that without bio-organic compound. Fertilizer is 5%~10% higher, and the fruit's sweetness is also high, selling more than 1~2 yuan per kilogram of grapes. Excited, he said that this year's nearly 3 acres of grapes, he prepared to apply all over the winter after a biological organic fertilizer, completely changed the past without the practice of fertilization in the autumn.
In the past, the farmer, like other grape growers, generally did not fertilize in the autumn. First, he was afraid of troubles. Second, he feared that the grapes would suffer freezing injury in the winter. Third, he doubted whether there would be a follow-up effect on the base fertilizer in autumn. Nowadays, grapes have been listed in various places. Some early-maturing grapes have already entered the harvesting stage. According to the mature experiences of various regions, it is time to prepare to fertilize grapes.
First of all, clarify the role of fertilization in the fall. It is scientifically important to stress that grapes are used for autumn fertilization. First, there are two peaks of rooting in the year. The first time in the spring, and the second in the period from September to November. At this time, there is no need for fertilizer for new shoots. It is easy for roots to absorb storage nutrients, and root wounds that are injured during fertilization are easy to heal. Second, the grape that has entered mature stage has the habit of ripening and flower bud differentiation. After fertilizing, fruit can be used for flower bud differentiation and fruit set rate improvement in the following year. Good foundation.
Secondly, it highlights basal fertilizer and sets it up with fertilizer. There is a positive correlation between grape yield and fertilization levels. The intrinsic experience is to set the output by fertilizer, or to produce fat. Generally, for every 500 kg of grapes produced, it is necessary to apply 1,000 kg of fully-fertilized organic fertilizer and apply phosphorus and potash. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the basal fertilizer accounted for 60% to 70% of the whole year, phosphate fertilizer accounted for more than 80%, and potassium fertilizer accounted for 30% to 40%. In the newly-built vineyards, the first step is to dig and plant the ditch. The ditch is 60 cm in width and 60 cm in depth. Then 3000-5000 kg of fully-fertilized farmyard manure is applied per mu, which is mixed with fine soil and used as a basal fertilizer to fill in a layer of topsoil. , laying a good foundation for planting seedlings in the spring. Application of bio-organic compound fertilizer is about 50 kg per mu.
Third, with the pruning, purify the pastoral. After the grape enters the dormancy period, it begins to prune in winter, trimming it before falling into the early spring. Pruning is divided into short cuts and updated cuts. The short cut is for the main vine, and the update trim is for the old vine. For short cuts, 8-12 buds were long, 5-7 buds remained, and 2-3 buds remained short. For the species with a high number of branches and branches, the method of long- and middle-sprouts should be adopted. For medium or weakly growing species, the medium and short-stems should be used as the main method. To renew pruning, firstly, to grow the new shoots and buds of the grape base minister selectively. When the new branch shoots are able to produce more fruit spikes, then the old vines that have grown weak are cut off; The renewal will go weak and stay strong, go stay, stay before. In addition, it is necessary to combine the cleanup of residual branches, diseased fruits, and weeds in the vineyards to disinfect the crops in order to reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in the leap year garden so that the effects of fertilization in autumn will be more obvious.
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