1, mushroom house, bed frame structure mushroom house east and west length 19.6m, north-south width 9m, front and rear wall height 2.5m, gable height 3.5m. Wall with lime mud bricks. Wipe the cement outside; inside, use lime to wipe it again and then use lime to brush it again. Before and after the front and rear walls, four ventilation windows of 25cm20cm are left and down respectively. The first ventilation window is 20cm from the ground. The front wall has two doors, 1.0m wide and 1.8m high. The floor is tiled and the cement is filled. The roof is built with bamboo pole film. The bed has a length of 7.8m, a width of 1.5m and a height of 2.3m, with a total of 5 floors. The first layer is 10cm above the ground, and the distance between each layer is 55cm. On the front wall, a thing walkway is 0.7m wide; 10 north and south walkways, each 0.65m wide, have a total area of ​​500 square meters.
2. Cultivation time The cultivation of Agaricus bisporus is generally in spring and autumn. The pre-wetting time of wheatgrass cultivation in our city is from August 5th to 15th; the sowing date is from September 5th to 15th; and the pre-wet time of cottonseed shell is from September 10th to 15th; the seeding period is from September 15th to 20th.
3. Select the strain As2796 which has high yield, strong anti-miscellaneous ability and wide adaptability.
4. Formula of culture materials (according to the actual cultivation area of ​​100 square meters) 1 wheat straw 3000kg, fresh chicken manure 3.5 cubic meters (or dry chicken manure 900kg), urea 35kg, superphosphate 35kg, gypsum powder 100kg, lime powder 50kg, carbonic acid Calcium 50kg; 2 cotton seed shells 1500kg, Agaricus bisporus special fertilizer 100kg, gypsum powder 30kg, lime powder 15 to 20kg.
5, preparation of culture materials
5.1. Pre-fermentation of wheat straw preparation 1: According to the schedule, pre-wet wheat straw. The more pre-wet, the better the better, so do not dry. There are two specific methods: First, soak in pre-dug pits with 0.5% lime water, remove enough water and remove and pre-stacked chicken excrement in proportion to build the pile; second is to tile on hard ground After straw is 40-60cm in length, it is sprayed to allow it to fully absorb; on the second day, a heap of 1m in height is piled and 5% lime water is sprayed around it; the water is sprayed on the third day, and the wheat straw is finally wetted and evened, and the water content reaches. About 60% (a few straws were pulled out, hand twisted to see the water seep out). However, care should be taken not to sprinkle lime powder directly in the pre-wetting. Also mix thoroughly with pre-pile chicken manure. On the 1st day before the construction of the heap, sprinkle a layer of lime powder on the bottom of the heap or sprinkle 10% concentrated lime water. When the heap is built on the 2nd day, the urea is evenly added to the brewed wheat straw, and the partially unwetted wheat grass is placed on the heap. Digging in advance in the puddle soaked on the top of the pile, North and South heap, width 1.6 ~ 1.8m, about 2m high, the length is not limited, around the vertical, the top of the pile is turtle-shaped, covering grasshoppers. On the second day, the temperature was measured, and measured once every 2 to 3 hours. When the temperature rose to 65°C, it was maintained for 3 to 4 days. The first time the pile was turned, the bottom of the stack was well-ventilated or wood sticks were added before the pile was turned. Turn the pile, adjust the moisture, so that the moisture content of about 75% (holding the culture material by hand, dropping about 10 drops of water), at the same time, the gypsum powder is also added evenly; turn the heap when the material is acidic, available 2% ~ 5 % of lime water adjusted pH 8.0, pile height, width unchanged, shorter length. After sweeping the heap, clean the debris around the heap. On the second day, the temperature was measured, and the temperature was raised to 65°C for 3 to 4 days. Perform the second turn. Before turning the pile, first spray the wet material around the heap with a sprayer, or put the dry material on the outside of the pile into a piece of water to make it wet. When turning, turn it into the middle and upper part of the pile, and adjust the water content to 72. About %, pH 7.8. After turning the stack, it remained at 65°C for 2.5 to 3.0 days before turning for the third time. Before ventilation, ventilate ducts or good wooden sticks are also left for ventilation and fermentation, keeping them for 2.5 to 3.0 days. The general water transfer is appropriate, the stack temperature is normal, and the previous fermentation can be turned 3 times. If the water transfer is not proper, or the material temperature is low, the 4th turn is needed. After each stacking, the surface of the stockpile was sprayed with 0.5% dichlorvos and 80% deltamethrin 1000 times. (2) Secondary fermentation (post-fermentation): The secondary fermentation of wheat straw is divided into two sub-ferments outside the house and secondary fermentation inside the mushroom house. The second fermentation site outside the mushroom house was first thoroughly cleaned. Then spray 80% of deltamethrin 1000 times; and sprinkle a thin layer of quicklime powder (whichever is not visible on the surface). With a good ventilation channel (brick and brick spacing 5 ~ 8cm), gas extraction tube (preferably made of brick into a brick cage, ventilated on all sides), according to the north-south direction stacking, pile height 1.5m, width 1.2m, length 20m Around, the top is turtle-shaped, vertical on all sides. After the stockpiles are built, plug the gas-pulling cylinders. Before 9:00 AM on the second day, cover the stack with plastic film. The distance between the film and the culture material should be 20-30cm. For ease of operation, the spacing can be larger. When the air temperature rises to about 45°C in the interval, use an appropriate amount of potassium permanganate plus formaldehyde fumigation. After fumigation, the temperature rose to 57°C and closed for 8 to 10 hours. After strictly sterilizing the culture medium, the gas extraction tube and air passages are planned to be controlled so that the culture materials can be fermented at 50-55°C for 5-7 days, and then all the air passages and the gas-pulling cylinders are pulled out, and the temperature of the culture material is rapidly lowered to 28°C. When entering the house, the materials shall be planted and sown. For the secondary fermentation in the mushroom house, the pre-fermented culture material can be evenly spread on the bed frame. After the mushroom house door and window are sealed, hot steam is introduced into the mushroom house, the temperature reaches about 60° C., and the holding time is 8 to 10 hours. Slowly cool to 45 ~ 55 °C, maintain 4 ~ 5d, rapid cooling to 28 °C into the room material, sowing.
5.2. Preparation of cotton shell material Choose cement as fermentation site. If it is not cement, it should be covered with a plastic film. First, clean the fermentation site, then spray 80% of deltamethrin 1000 times, and then sprinkle a layer of lime powder. According to the time schedule, the cotton shell and its auxiliary materials are mixed evenly, so that the ratio of material to water is 1:1.7-1.8. Before the construction of the reactor, use bricks to build a non-shaped ventilation channel and a ventilation tunnel as the center. Stack height 1.2m, width 1.2 ~ 1.5m, depending on the length of the case, the top was turtle shape, the smaller the slope of the edge as possible. Then, the surface was sprayed with 0.5% dichlorvos, covering grasshoppers. When the temperature rises to 60°C, it is maintained for 18-24 hours, and the first turning and leveling are performed. When the temperature is further raised to 60°C, it is also maintained for 18-24 hours, and the second turning is performed, and the turning is repeated 3 times. After each tumbling, 0.5% of dichlorvos and 80% of deltamethrin were sprayed on the surface of the stockpile. On the fourth turn, every 1m, a puller was placed on the ventilation channel. After the stockpiling is finished, it is covered with a plastic film. The film exit surface is 20 to 30cm. When the temperature rises to around 45°C in the interval, 5000kg of potassium permanganate 0.5kg+formaldehyde 1kg is used for fumigation and fermentation. During this period, the temperature was controlled at 45-55°C, and the gas cylinder was opened and closed to adjust the temperature. After 4 to 5 days, remove all the air passages and the air-purging tube, and wait until the temperature drops below 28°C, and then spread and sow the seeds.
6, mushroom room disinfection, shop material, sowing feed before the 1st, mushroom house and then disinfection and sterilization 1 times. According to 1 cubic meter of space with formaldehyde 10mL, potassium permanganate 5g fumigation. On the second day, the culture material with the temperature dropped below 28°C was laid on a mushroom bed and was about 20 cm thick. Before sowing, if the culture material is dry, the water can be adjusted so that the moisture content of the culture material reaches 65% to 68%. The selected strains were crushed into pellets. All the tools and hands exposed to the bacteria were disinfected with 1% potassium permanganate. Firstly, 50% of the strains were evenly mixed in the upper half of the material, and 50% of the strains were sown on the surface of the material. The cottonseed culture materials were evenly mixed with 30% of the bacteria in the upper half of the material. % of high quality bacteria spread on the surface of the material. General use of strains 1.5 bottles / square meter (750mL / bottle). After sowing, make it flat, lightly compact and cover the membrane.
7. Close the doors and windows within 3 to 5 days after the cover film is applied, control the temperature at 25 to 26°C, and control the relative humidity to about 75%. The material temperature exceeds 28°C, and the ventilation at night reduces the temperature; when the material temperature is lower than 20°C, steam is used for warming. When the basic cover of the hyphae is applied around 7d, remove the film and ventilate frequently. When the material of the mycelium has reached 1/2 depth, the material layer is shaken once. During germination, various miscellaneous bacteria and insect pests are prevented from occurring. On the day after filming, 0.5% of dichlorvos may be sprayed on the walls of mushroom houses, walkways, and membranes. In the second day, deltamethrin may be sprayed 1,000 times, and sprayed once every 5 to 7 days. Generally about 20 days, when the mycelium grows to 2/3 of the culture material, most of the bacteria sprinkling on the surface have spit yellow water, the mycelium becomes thick and white, and the whole vibration of the hand-shot material surface has a sense of vibration. Good hair can be covered.
8. With soil covering in place, the amphora material used in our city is loam and imitation turf charcoal. Imitation of peat soil formula: 1 loam soil 4 cubic meters (100 square meters of culture material usage), calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer or superphosphate 15kg, gypsum 17.5kg, dry fermented wheat straw rough bore (in culture materials, fermentation, make more, dry After being crushed with a crusher, it is made of 75kg, 15kg of lime, 2% of loam, 17.5kg of calcium, magnesium phosphate, or superphosphate, 17.5kg of gypsum, 50kg of wheat bran, and 15kg of lime. The wheat bran is clean and free from mildew. Soak 1d in lime water at pH 10, remove and dry. The loam soil was soiled to 30 cm below the soil 15 d before the soil cover, and then it was crushed and dried. After drying, it was sieved through a 9-mesh sieve. On the 3rd day before the earth-covering, the various earth-covering materials were piled on the concrete floor according to the formula, and the mixture was thoroughly mixed. The 5% dichlorvos were sprayed and piled up to form long piles with heights of 0.8m each. After covering with plastic film for 24 hours, 5% was used. The lime water is pre-wet and adjusted to pH 7.5-8.0. The water content reaches into the group and it is scattered. After being pre-wet, it grows and arches and is used on the second day. When covering the soil, the large particles cover the bottom, the small cover above, the loam cover soil thickness 3.3 ~ 3.5cm, imitation peat soil cover soil thickness 3.0 ~ 4.0cm, the thickness of the cover soil should be uniform.
9, after the fruiting management cover soil spraying 500 times the day of dichlorvos, the first two days 1000 times the deltamethrin, 3d, according to the growth of mycelium water transfer. The hyphae crawls fast, grows vigorously, and the amount of water spray is greater, and vice versa. The earth-covering material is loamy soil, and the water spray should be less and more diligent to prevent the overburdening of the overburden layer, and the total amount of spray water should be less; the earth-covering material is imitation of peat soil, the number of water sprays is reduced, and the total amount of water spray is large. The general water transfer begins within 2 to 3 days, and the surface of the bed is sprayed twice a day. Each time the amount of water sprayed is 0.5 to 0.8 kg/m2, after which the amount of water spray is gradually increased, and the water content of the cover soil is fully adjusted by 3 to 4 days. However, water must not be allowed to leak into the material. Ventilate each time after spraying water, and take away the water from the soil surface. When the soil particles are squeezed in the hand, they are flat but not loose, and they are slightly cracked and sticky. The water is adjusted when there is no dryness in the soil particles. After the end of the water transfer, close the doors and windows, hang the bacteria for 2 to 3 days, control the temperature at 22 to 25°C, and control the relative humidity at 80% to 85%. When the temperature is higher than 30°C and the humidity is less than 60%, the culture materials should be sprayed with water, whereas the water spray should be less. When the hyphae crawls 3/4, it begins to loosen soil. One day before loose soil, 1000 times of deltamethrin was sprayed. When soil is loosened, the soil thickness is uniform, and the soil is properly mixed with small and poor hyphae. At the same time, the ventilation is strengthened to inhibit the growth of hyphae, and the villous mycelium is kinked into filamentous bacteria. Silk, and then form the original base. At this time, the temperature within the mushroom farm is 14-18°C, and the relative humidity is maintained at about 90%. Since then, the spray water has mastered more and more sprays of mushrooms, and the mushrooms have less spray; In the previous period, 1 mushroom was sprayed twice with heavy water. When each tidal mushroom grows to the size of soybeans, it sprays water once and weighs heavily. Before each wave of the mushroom clears the bed, it sprays heavy water again. The water spray volume is 1.3 to 1.8 kg/m2. The amount of water spray in the later period should be relatively reduced, and light and frequent spraying methods should be adopted. After the Agaricus bisporus was unearthed until it was harvested, the moisture control was 90% to 95%. When the harvest peak of each mushroom is over, the humidity can be reduced to 85% to 90%, the ground is no longer sprayed, and the mushroom house ventilation is increased. In general, ventilation and ventilation should be strengthened in the early stage. When the mushroom room exceeds 18°C, the ventilation of the mushroom house should be performed at night and on rainy days. In windless weather, the north and south windows are all open; when the wind is open, only the wind window is open. In the later period, the ventilation of the mushroom house should be gradually reduced. Ventilate during the day when the temperature falls below 14°C. If the emergence of long-handled capsicum, thin mushroom, red mushroom, rust mushroom needs timely ventilation; appearance of small mushrooms, thin mushrooms, open umbrellas, empty root white heart, single mushroom light, should control the wind.
10. When the harvesting of fresh produce is listed, the size can be harvested when the vegetative screen is not broken and the umbrella is not open. The canopy and the saltwater mushroom have a diameter of 1.5 to 4.0 cm in the shape of the cap, and the shape of the mushroom is good. White, no empty roots, no insects, harvested when broken. Before harvesting, no water is sprayed on the bed. When the fruiting body grows quickly, it requires 1d to harvest 2 to 3 times. There are two kinds of harvesting methods: rotary method and mushrooming method. Mushroom dense, the use of rotating mushroom law, that is, gently rotate the mushroom pick; mushroom when the mushrooming method, the mushroom will be straight up; when many mushrooms produce mushroom, use a knife to cut down the standard fruiting body carefully , pick big and stay small. When picking mushrooms, care should be taken to avoid damaging the mushrooms.
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