The flowering period of big cherry often encounters low temperature, rainy weather or frost, resulting in very low fruit setting rate. Is this completely irresistible frost damage? Is it worth thinking and summing up?
During the flowering period of cherry, the most suitable daily average temperature is about 15°C. However, flower buds can tolerate -5 °C low temperature, flowering and young fruit tolerance -2.8 °C low temperature. If the temperature during flowering and young fruit falls to -5°C, the pistils, petals, flower buds and pedicels of the cherry are all frost-damaged and brown. Looking back, in most years, the cherry flowering period encountered low temperature, rainy weather and frost, and the temperature has not yet dropped to 0°C. It is only in the low temperature range of 3-4°C or more and 10°C or less. The various organs of cherry blossoms have also shown no sign of frost damage. It can be seen that the reasons for the low fruit setting rate are that most of the years are not entirely due to frost damage, and lessons should be learned from comprehensive management.
First, the quality of flower buds. Cherry flower bud formation time is relatively concentrated, from the spring shoots stopped until harvest within 10 days after the physiological differentiation stage. From 10 days to 50 days after harvest, it is the morphological differentiation stage. The differentiation of these two phases requires adequate and comprehensive nutrition. If the lack of nutrients, single elements, lengthy branches, damaged leaves, severe drought or stagnant water and the absorption of kinetic energy in the root system, can all cause the abortion of the pistil (the stigma does not grow). This abortive flower is obviously not able to Fruiting.
Second, the level of storage and nutrition. According to "Shandong Fruit Tree", it is said that the same low temperatures are encountered in the spring and the trees are robust. The storage of adequately-fruited cherries only accounts for 0.25% of the frozen fruits and fruits. The tree vigor was weak, and the cherries with insufficient nutrient storage accounted for 62.3% of the frozen damage of flowers and fruits. It can be seen that if fertilization is insufficient, the elements are single, the branches are persistent, severe drought, the accumulation of poor soil ventilation, early deciduous, etc., can cause the tree to store little nutrition, not only susceptible to frost damage during flowering, but also due to lack of storage nutrition, Will cause a lot of fruit after flowering.
Third, pollination problems. Most cherry varieties have poor self-fertilization and fruit setting ability and need cross pollination for normal results. Even if the pollination varieties are set when the garden is established, if the flowering season encounters low temperature and rainy weather, the wild bees and insects will not move and the pollen will not be easily distributed. Due to poor pollination and insemination, the cherry will also be shrunken and shedding.
To sum up, to increase the cherry fruit setting rate should be integrated management.
1. Cherry trees entering the fruit period should go out of the mistakes of chemical fertilizers, adhere to fermented and decomposed farmyard fertilizers, biogas fertilizers, and high-quality organic fertilizers. These fertilizers are full-nutrition and multi-functional, which can maintain a balanced and robust growth, improve fruit quality, and restore fruit's authenticity. It can also fertilize soil, increase soil organic matter, and improve soil ventilation. 2. In May and beyond, strictly control the application of nitrogenous fertilizers to prevent the shoots from continuing to be long and affect the quality of flower buds and the storage of tree nutrients. 3. From the beginning of the construction of the park to the annual soil management, a deep and well-ventilated living soil layer should be constructed to ensure the healthy growth of the root system. 4. During winter and spring soil preparation, increase the height of the trunk by 20-30 cm to prevent water accumulation under the trees after the rain. 5. In case of drought, timely watering; enter the rainy season in time to prevent waterlogging; timely release air after rain. Watering convenient cherry garden should not be too much watering, always maintain the maximum water holding capacity of 60% -70% and good ventilation. 6. Cover the grass with a thickness of 20 cm under the mountainous trees to reduce the temperature and maintain the continuous function of the root system. 7. Prevent pests and diseases in time to protect the photosynthetic capacity of the leaves. 8. Sprinkle 1-2 times of 0.3% borax during flowering to promote the increase of fruit setting rate. Spray a few more 0.3% urea after flowering to minimize the period of nutrient conversion. 9. Immediately after harvesting, topdressing, dandelion brand organic fertilizer, about 150 kg of topdressing, ensure adequate nutrition to improve the quality of flower buds. 10. Early-September Fertilizer in September: fermented and cooked farmyard manure (human waste, pigs, cattle, sheep manure, etc.) Mushi 4000 dry grams. If the application of dandelion brand organic fertilizer, Mushi about 300 kg, in order to achieve the purpose of increasing the tree's nutrient storage. 11. Each household prepares several feather dusters and enters the flowering stage. Artificial pollination is performed by swiping and repeated 4-5 times to increase the fruit setting rate.
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