1. The cultivating of irrigated crops in the garden is a key method for cultivating and weeding. It is a traditional method of orchard management to maintain a soil management method that is exposed on the surface of the orchard. This method of loose soil and timely weed control can prevent weeds and fruit trees from competing for nutrients and moisture. At the same time, many times of cultivating can keep the soil loose and ventilate, accelerate soil organic matter decomposition, and can significantly increase soil organic nitrogen in the short term. However, the surface of the soil is bare, the loss of topsoil is serious, the decomposition of fertilizer nutrients is more leaching, and the structure of granules is easily damaged. The long-term intensive cultivation tends to cause various kinds of nutrient deficiency, resulting in decline of tree vigor and physiological obstacles.
2. Cultivate cover method to maintain clear tillage in the early stage of fruit trees that require the most fertilizer and water, cover crops in the late or rainy season, and then turn the soil into green manure when it grows. This method is called clear tillage cover method. Some orchards do not grow green manure, but they use seasonal green manure around the orchard for seasonal coverage. This method combines the advantages of clear ploughing, weeding and ground cover, and is a good method of soil management. However, the source of green manure covered by orchards is not easy. As the crown grows, the space available for intercropping green manure is limited, and more labor is used for intercropping green manure, which limits the application of this method.
The practice of applying mulch-covered soils throughout the region has demonstrated the effect of improving the yield and improving the environment of the rhizosphere, but it also shows the disadvantages of floating roots and decreased soil organic matter content. Further tests are needed.
3. Orchard natural grass cultivation method Orchard natural grass cultivation that allows the orchard to naturally grow grass, choose to stay benign grass, only to eradicate the vicious grass, so that it covers the entire orchard surface; in its vigorous growing season each year with a lawn mower or artificial mowing 3 ~4 times, covering the tree plate to control the height of grass, to avoid the impact of tree growth or field operations. Grass orchard grass growth must absorb nutrients and moisture from the soil. On the one hand, it should timely mow control grass growth; at the same time, in the first few years of grassland orchard, it should increase about 20% of the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, so that the amount of grass increased, after the improvement of soil strength. , can reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer. Juvenile orchards are most vulnerable to the impact of grassland on nutrients and water competition. It is advisable to not apply grass to a certain extent around the trunk. The other parts should be grassed, and then the excised grasses should be covered under the trees. When the crown is expanded to a certain area, comprehensive grassing should be performed. . In order to increase the soil organic matter and improve the soil, the grass orchards should be cultivated every year or every other year in combination with the winter gardens for 15 to 20 cm topsoil.
Orchard cultivation by natural grasses not only saves labor and soil, but also rots grasses and grass roots that are cut each year to increase soil organic matter, activate soil, improve soil acidity and alkalinity, intensify vitality of citrus root groups, and improve soil physical and chemical properties. Grassland can ease the drastic changes in the ground temperature, improve the orchard's ecological environment, provide breeding sites for natural enemies, and have comprehensive control over pests and diseases. It can increase the source of organic green manure in orchards and reduce production costs. In recent years, Yongchun County has vigorously promoted natural orchard cultivation methods in orchards. However, grass cultivation in orchards can make surface soil compaction, affect ventilation, grass roots are strong, and the distribution density in the upper layer of the soil, intercepting the infiltration of water, consumption of surface nitrogen, prone to citrus roots floating, must be combined with periodic soil cultivation to overcome.
Various soil management methods have advantages and disadvantages, which can be comprehensively applied to reduce the disadvantages. With social and economic development, labor costs are increasing, citrus production competition is fierce, and cultivation techniques will tend to be less soil-management methods in orchards. According to the long-term production practices and the improvement of cultivation techniques, soil management in mountain orchards should be based on excavation of large holes or sewerage and planting, and annual expansion of the deep ploughing and improvement of the soil in the whole garden should be carried out on the basis of natural grass cultivation in the orchard. Park 15-20 cm topsoil cultivating topsoil in cultivating grass, in the vigorous growth of green grass every year to 3 to 4 times a year to cover the tree plate soil less tillage management methods more scientific. After long-term cultivation in adult orchards, partial rotation deep-seated burial can be performed to maintain the deep mature soil in the orchards to maintain mature soils, maintain water and fertility, and develop root systems. The surface soil naturally reduces the number of tillage, maintains water and soil, and increases the source of organic matter; Sexual improvement to maintain surface soil and root activity.
2. Cultivate cover method to maintain clear tillage in the early stage of fruit trees that require the most fertilizer and water, cover crops in the late or rainy season, and then turn the soil into green manure when it grows. This method is called clear tillage cover method. Some orchards do not grow green manure, but they use seasonal green manure around the orchard for seasonal coverage. This method combines the advantages of clear ploughing, weeding and ground cover, and is a good method of soil management. However, the source of green manure covered by orchards is not easy. As the crown grows, the space available for intercropping green manure is limited, and more labor is used for intercropping green manure, which limits the application of this method.
The practice of applying mulch-covered soils throughout the region has demonstrated the effect of improving the yield and improving the environment of the rhizosphere, but it also shows the disadvantages of floating roots and decreased soil organic matter content. Further tests are needed.
3. Orchard natural grass cultivation method Orchard natural grass cultivation that allows the orchard to naturally grow grass, choose to stay benign grass, only to eradicate the vicious grass, so that it covers the entire orchard surface; in its vigorous growing season each year with a lawn mower or artificial mowing 3 ~4 times, covering the tree plate to control the height of grass, to avoid the impact of tree growth or field operations. Grass orchard grass growth must absorb nutrients and moisture from the soil. On the one hand, it should timely mow control grass growth; at the same time, in the first few years of grassland orchard, it should increase about 20% of the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, so that the amount of grass increased, after the improvement of soil strength. , can reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer. Juvenile orchards are most vulnerable to the impact of grassland on nutrients and water competition. It is advisable to not apply grass to a certain extent around the trunk. The other parts should be grassed, and then the excised grasses should be covered under the trees. When the crown is expanded to a certain area, comprehensive grassing should be performed. . In order to increase the soil organic matter and improve the soil, the grass orchards should be cultivated every year or every other year in combination with the winter gardens for 15 to 20 cm topsoil.
Orchard cultivation by natural grasses not only saves labor and soil, but also rots grasses and grass roots that are cut each year to increase soil organic matter, activate soil, improve soil acidity and alkalinity, intensify vitality of citrus root groups, and improve soil physical and chemical properties. Grassland can ease the drastic changes in the ground temperature, improve the orchard's ecological environment, provide breeding sites for natural enemies, and have comprehensive control over pests and diseases. It can increase the source of organic green manure in orchards and reduce production costs. In recent years, Yongchun County has vigorously promoted natural orchard cultivation methods in orchards. However, grass cultivation in orchards can make surface soil compaction, affect ventilation, grass roots are strong, and the distribution density in the upper layer of the soil, intercepting the infiltration of water, consumption of surface nitrogen, prone to citrus roots floating, must be combined with periodic soil cultivation to overcome.
Various soil management methods have advantages and disadvantages, which can be comprehensively applied to reduce the disadvantages. With social and economic development, labor costs are increasing, citrus production competition is fierce, and cultivation techniques will tend to be less soil-management methods in orchards. According to the long-term production practices and the improvement of cultivation techniques, soil management in mountain orchards should be based on excavation of large holes or sewerage and planting, and annual expansion of the deep ploughing and improvement of the soil in the whole garden should be carried out on the basis of natural grass cultivation in the orchard. Park 15-20 cm topsoil cultivating topsoil in cultivating grass, in the vigorous growth of green grass every year to 3 to 4 times a year to cover the tree plate soil less tillage management methods more scientific. After long-term cultivation in adult orchards, partial rotation deep-seated burial can be performed to maintain the deep mature soil in the orchards to maintain mature soils, maintain water and fertility, and develop root systems. The surface soil naturally reduces the number of tillage, maintains water and soil, and increases the source of organic matter; Sexual improvement to maintain surface soil and root activity.
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