In order to achieve high yields and stable yields in mushroom cultivation, we must firmly grasp the following eight disease prevention measures.
First, establish a comprehensive prevention and control concept. The occurrence or even development or development of edible fungus diseases has its own development law. On the surface, the disease only occurs in a certain production process, but the occurrence of disease requires a considerable number of conditions. If a certain condition cannot be met, the disease The occurrence may be reduced, reduced, or even impossible, or even if it does not occur. Therefore, disease prevention should start from the source until the end of production, and intermediate links should not be relaxed enough to completely eliminate the disease.
Second, the selection of excellent detoxification strains is an effective measure to ensure that strains do not carry any virus germs, ensure hyphae robustness, and improve mycelial resistance. Detoxification strains, which do not carry any virus pathogens themselves, are one of their advantages; due to artificial regulation of the matrix and temperature in the process of detoxification, it also greatly improves the adaptability to external conditions and resistance, which is detoxification. The second advantage of the bacteria species; the detoxification process is also a domestication process under harsh conditions, so that the strains grow in the relative environment from the very beginning, naturally enhancing resistance and increasing resistance during the process of gradual growth and development. Disease, this is the third advantage of the virus-free strains.
Third, strict disinfection of mushroom sheds and cultivation environments is the main means to eliminate residual virus pathogens. First of all, clean up the surrounding environment of the mushroom shed. Dung heaps, haystacks, garbage, etc. should be cleaned up and the weeds should be removed. Approximately 500 times of carbendazim bactericidal drugs were sprayed to thoroughly clean the environment. Secondly, the old mushroom shed should be scraped to remove the wall covering. When conditions permit, the surface can be eradicated by about one centimeter. Finally, 50 times of the mushroom worm disease solution should be countered, and carpets sprayed on the shed, even if the wall, corner, Posts, ventilation holes, etc. should also be sprayed with drugs, leaving no dead ends. Remove the cover from the film and let it dry. Activate it in about 5-7 days. This measure can completely kill the disease in the shed. The pathogen can also use 10 times stronger glutaraldehyde solution and 200 times Venus disinfectant. Although the irritativeness of formaldehyde is greater, the effect of disinfecting the formulated multi-arm solution is also effective. Very good, generally according to the carbendazim: formaldehyde: water ratio of 1:2:100, if the disease was heavier in the previous season, the concentration of the drug can be increased. Finally, for the mushroom shed with severe primary disease, the upper poles, plastic membranes, etc. can be dismantled. Straw weeds are piled in the shed, ignited and burned, the straw ash is turned into the soil layer, and the rods are re-laminated and sprayed with drugs. The effect is very good. The method uses physical and chemical combination to sterilize, which is relatively thorough. However, in the specific operation, windless weather should be selected, and appropriate fire-fighting measures should be provided. The centralized area of ​​the mushroom shed should be operated in a unified manner. In addition, the mushroom shed near the village or building should not use this method to avoid fire hazards.
Fourth, the effective treatment of earth-covered materials is an important part of preventing disease from entering the shed. For the sterilizing treatment of earth-covered materials, we tend to insolation, drugs, and stuffy stuffing methods. After we choose the earth-covered material, we expose the surface to hardened ground. With turning, the particles are kept below 0.5 cm in size, mostly in powder form. One hundred times of the mushroom scorpion sinus sinensis solution was sprayed and mixed, and repeated two times. After the shed was built, the mulch filming effect was excellent.
Fifth, the handling of base materials must be strict. This is the key to ensuring that there is no sickness entering the shed. This stage includes the drying treatment of dry materials, the uniformity of the leavening treatment, and the standardized clinker inoculation for bagging and sowing, as well as the clean and sterilizing of cultures and fungicidal environments. After the fungus is completed, 200 times of the mushroom scorpion sickness king solution should be prepared before the bacterium bag enters the shed. The saccharomyces should be filled in large pots and other containers. The bacterium bags should be washed once and then put into the shed.
Sixth, mushroom sheds often spray bactericidal antibacterial drugs, is the main method of prevention in the management process of mushroom. After the bacteria bags enter the shed or the base material is sown into the shed, the drugs should be sprayed regularly to prevent disease. As the shed is relatively closed, ventilation is relatively poor, coupled with high humidity and relatively constant temperature, it can induce disease.
Seven, destroy the disease in the bud. At the time of its initial development, it was the main measure to prevent the disease from multiplying and forming harm. For the initial disease, it should be treated thoroughly. The three-dimensional cultivation of the bacteria bag, together with the morbidity bag, should be cleared out of the shed. After a large number of deep-buried treatments after dipping, it can be stuffed and boring after spraying, and can also be mixed. After the lime powder is boring, the method is: after the pile is built, the soil is sealed and piled with dilute mud, so that it is naturally fermented, and heat is produced to kill germs. For the soil-covered cultivation, the scope of the ward should be expanded together with the base material in the end to clear the shed.
VIII. Effectively preventing and killing pests is also one of the important measures for disease prevention and control. Most pests often carry a large number of pathogens. Once in the shed, they can form the source of disease, spread around, and spread. Therefore, control and kill pests must not be neglected in the prevention and treatment of diseases. The main measures include: cleaning up the external environment, spraying highly effective and low-toxic drugs to control the pests, and spraying the limestone aisle at the entrance of the mushroom shed more than 2 meters to prevent reptiles from entering; vents and gates to prevent pests from entering. After the detection of insect pests, bait trapping was adopted and the effect was good. For mushrooms, mosquitoes and flies can be killed by spraying and killing spirits during the interval of fruiting; also can be used to seduce and kill sweet and sour liquids, according to the height of white wine: sugar: vinegar: the ratio of water is 1:2:3:4. After a good time, add 3-4 drops of DDV liquid to the container by adding the production method. The adult flies into the container and kills.
First, establish a comprehensive prevention and control concept. The occurrence or even development or development of edible fungus diseases has its own development law. On the surface, the disease only occurs in a certain production process, but the occurrence of disease requires a considerable number of conditions. If a certain condition cannot be met, the disease The occurrence may be reduced, reduced, or even impossible, or even if it does not occur. Therefore, disease prevention should start from the source until the end of production, and intermediate links should not be relaxed enough to completely eliminate the disease.
Second, the selection of excellent detoxification strains is an effective measure to ensure that strains do not carry any virus germs, ensure hyphae robustness, and improve mycelial resistance. Detoxification strains, which do not carry any virus pathogens themselves, are one of their advantages; due to artificial regulation of the matrix and temperature in the process of detoxification, it also greatly improves the adaptability to external conditions and resistance, which is detoxification. The second advantage of the bacteria species; the detoxification process is also a domestication process under harsh conditions, so that the strains grow in the relative environment from the very beginning, naturally enhancing resistance and increasing resistance during the process of gradual growth and development. Disease, this is the third advantage of the virus-free strains.
Third, strict disinfection of mushroom sheds and cultivation environments is the main means to eliminate residual virus pathogens. First of all, clean up the surrounding environment of the mushroom shed. Dung heaps, haystacks, garbage, etc. should be cleaned up and the weeds should be removed. Approximately 500 times of carbendazim bactericidal drugs were sprayed to thoroughly clean the environment. Secondly, the old mushroom shed should be scraped to remove the wall covering. When conditions permit, the surface can be eradicated by about one centimeter. Finally, 50 times of the mushroom worm disease solution should be countered, and carpets sprayed on the shed, even if the wall, corner, Posts, ventilation holes, etc. should also be sprayed with drugs, leaving no dead ends. Remove the cover from the film and let it dry. Activate it in about 5-7 days. This measure can completely kill the disease in the shed. The pathogen can also use 10 times stronger glutaraldehyde solution and 200 times Venus disinfectant. Although the irritativeness of formaldehyde is greater, the effect of disinfecting the formulated multi-arm solution is also effective. Very good, generally according to the carbendazim: formaldehyde: water ratio of 1:2:100, if the disease was heavier in the previous season, the concentration of the drug can be increased. Finally, for the mushroom shed with severe primary disease, the upper poles, plastic membranes, etc. can be dismantled. Straw weeds are piled in the shed, ignited and burned, the straw ash is turned into the soil layer, and the rods are re-laminated and sprayed with drugs. The effect is very good. The method uses physical and chemical combination to sterilize, which is relatively thorough. However, in the specific operation, windless weather should be selected, and appropriate fire-fighting measures should be provided. The centralized area of ​​the mushroom shed should be operated in a unified manner. In addition, the mushroom shed near the village or building should not use this method to avoid fire hazards.
Fourth, the effective treatment of earth-covered materials is an important part of preventing disease from entering the shed. For the sterilizing treatment of earth-covered materials, we tend to insolation, drugs, and stuffy stuffing methods. After we choose the earth-covered material, we expose the surface to hardened ground. With turning, the particles are kept below 0.5 cm in size, mostly in powder form. One hundred times of the mushroom scorpion sinus sinensis solution was sprayed and mixed, and repeated two times. After the shed was built, the mulch filming effect was excellent.
Fifth, the handling of base materials must be strict. This is the key to ensuring that there is no sickness entering the shed. This stage includes the drying treatment of dry materials, the uniformity of the leavening treatment, and the standardized clinker inoculation for bagging and sowing, as well as the clean and sterilizing of cultures and fungicidal environments. After the fungus is completed, 200 times of the mushroom scorpion sickness king solution should be prepared before the bacterium bag enters the shed. The saccharomyces should be filled in large pots and other containers. The bacterium bags should be washed once and then put into the shed.
Sixth, mushroom sheds often spray bactericidal antibacterial drugs, is the main method of prevention in the management process of mushroom. After the bacteria bags enter the shed or the base material is sown into the shed, the drugs should be sprayed regularly to prevent disease. As the shed is relatively closed, ventilation is relatively poor, coupled with high humidity and relatively constant temperature, it can induce disease.
Seven, destroy the disease in the bud. At the time of its initial development, it was the main measure to prevent the disease from multiplying and forming harm. For the initial disease, it should be treated thoroughly. The three-dimensional cultivation of the bacteria bag, together with the morbidity bag, should be cleared out of the shed. After a large number of deep-buried treatments after dipping, it can be stuffed and boring after spraying, and can also be mixed. After the lime powder is boring, the method is: after the pile is built, the soil is sealed and piled with dilute mud, so that it is naturally fermented, and heat is produced to kill germs. For the soil-covered cultivation, the scope of the ward should be expanded together with the base material in the end to clear the shed.
VIII. Effectively preventing and killing pests is also one of the important measures for disease prevention and control. Most pests often carry a large number of pathogens. Once in the shed, they can form the source of disease, spread around, and spread. Therefore, control and kill pests must not be neglected in the prevention and treatment of diseases. The main measures include: cleaning up the external environment, spraying highly effective and low-toxic drugs to control the pests, and spraying the limestone aisle at the entrance of the mushroom shed more than 2 meters to prevent reptiles from entering; vents and gates to prevent pests from entering. After the detection of insect pests, bait trapping was adopted and the effect was good. For mushrooms, mosquitoes and flies can be killed by spraying and killing spirits during the interval of fruiting; also can be used to seduce and kill sweet and sour liquids, according to the height of white wine: sugar: vinegar: the ratio of water is 1:2:3:4. After a good time, add 3-4 drops of DDV liquid to the container by adding the production method. The adult flies into the container and kills.
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