Strawberry soilless cultivation is a cultivation method in which strawberry plants are cultivated in an aqueous solution or a nutrient solution containing a plurality of nutrient elements, and matured. This is an emerging cultivation technique that is not limited by the size of the area. The scale can vary from large to small, factory-sized, small to each household, and cultivated on windowsills and balconies. The advantages of soilless cultivation are high yield, good quality and beautiful fruit color. At present, the method of soilless cultivation of strawberry in China is described as follows:
(a) soil-free cultivation of a substrate with a matrix soilless strawberry cultivation method, with the matrix instead of soil, fixed plants, nutrition solution for strawberry growth and development.
1. Matrix Selection The matrix chosen should be characterized by permeability and strong water retention. Commonly used vermiculite, carbonized rice husk, sawdust and so on.
2. Planting the bed to prepare the family when using the balcony planting, use wood to form a pool, a depth of about 30 cm, the bottom of the plastic sheeting or tar paper waterproof. Above about 30 centimeters sawdust water absorption, sawdust on the substrate 20 cm. Leveling and compaction. Colonization in the autumn, spacing of 20 cm, spacing 25 cm. To meet the growing needs, apply nutrient solution. Nutrient composition: It is formulated with various chemical fertilizers. Nitrogen 100 mg/kg, Phosphorus 5-20 mg/kg, Potassium 100 mg/kg, Calcium 100 mg/kg, Magnesium 20-30 mg/kg, Sulfur 30-40 mg/kg, Nutrient solution pH 6 , Adjust with hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide.
3. After the planting, the management of soilless cultivation is simple and the nutrient solution is poured every 3-4 days. Apply some compound fertilizer after fruit picking.
(B) strawberry hydroponic method with nutrient solution, without matrix, nor with a method of cultivation of strawberries. Here only the domestic small container hydroponics method is introduced.
1, the choice of container family in the roof, platform, interior windowsill can use some small utensils hydroponic strawberries. After the winter heating in the north, the indoor temperature is above 10°C and the highest is 18-23°C, which is suitable for the growth of strawberries. According to the indoor conditions, a glass can bottle (containing 500 ml of nutrient solution) can be selected. The bottle cover is cut into a round plate with a cap size using a rigid foam plate. A hole is drilled in the middle of the cover to plant a seedling, and a hole is drilled on both sides of the cover. For ventilation. The bottle is covered with black plastic to prevent the appearance of moss in the long bottle. Suitable for winter use, it can also be cultivated in a hexagonal plastic pot that can hold 1000 ml of solution. In the same way, a hexagonal cover is cut out of hard foam, two planting holes are made, two air holes are provided, and two strawberry seedlings can be planted in each pot. In addition, wooden trough cultivation can also be used. The general trough is 90 cm long, 12 cm wide and 15 cm high. A plastic film substrate is used in the wooden trough, the trough cover is 1 cm thick, or a 0.5 cm plastic plate is used as a cover. A hole for planting seedlings is planted every 15 cm, and one planting hole is planted in each hole.
2. The nutrient solution was prepared by taking 236 mg/L calcium nitrate, 303 mg/L potassium nitrate, 57 mg/L ammonium phosphate, 123 mg/L magnesium sulfate, and dissolved in tap water to form a liquid A. Calcium nitrate 236 mg/l, Chel-shaped iron 16 mg/l, Boric acid 1.2 mg/l, Manganese chloride 0.72 mg/l, dubbed B solution. Liquids A and B were mixed in a 1000 ml container and stored as a stock solution for use. When it is used, it must be diluted first. Strawberry plants should be applied when they grow. Maintain the concentration of 1.0 before flowering. Take 1 ml of mother liquor and add 9 ml of water. After flowering, keep the concentration of 1.7. Take 1.7 ml of mother liquor and add 8.3 ml of water. Its pH is adjusted to about 6.8 with sulfuric acid. The mother liquor should be kept at a low temperature and in a dark place.
3. Plant the container and clean it before planting. Pour the diluted nutrient solution into the container. The solution is 1 cm from the mouth of the container. Strong seedlings are selected and after a certain amount of low temperature, the flower buds have differentiated. Planted in mid-October.
4. After the colonization of the planting seedlings, 15 to 20 days after planting, a diluted nutrient solution was added to the container once a week, and 50-100 ml of fluid was added to each of the plants. As the solution is continuously evaporating, it is necessary to replenish the water in time and make up the water 2-3 days in winter. The amount of water added is the same as the water level during the planting. If spring and summer make up once a day. Keep the amount of nutrient solution and its concentration stable. Because the container is small and the amount of nutrient solution is not enough to cause oxygen deficiency, it is also necessary to pay attention to supplemental oxygen. In addition to timely replenishment of water and nutrient solution, use a rubber tube to introduce the nutrient solution into another container and refill oxygen several times. When the plants bloom and set fruit, in order to focus on nutrients for fruit development, in addition to the old leaves, stolons, sparse flowers, thinning fruit. Each plant retains 5-6 leaves and leaves 5-6 fruits at the top of the inflorescence.
(a) soil-free cultivation of a substrate with a matrix soilless strawberry cultivation method, with the matrix instead of soil, fixed plants, nutrition solution for strawberry growth and development.
1. Matrix Selection The matrix chosen should be characterized by permeability and strong water retention. Commonly used vermiculite, carbonized rice husk, sawdust and so on.
2. Planting the bed to prepare the family when using the balcony planting, use wood to form a pool, a depth of about 30 cm, the bottom of the plastic sheeting or tar paper waterproof. Above about 30 centimeters sawdust water absorption, sawdust on the substrate 20 cm. Leveling and compaction. Colonization in the autumn, spacing of 20 cm, spacing 25 cm. To meet the growing needs, apply nutrient solution. Nutrient composition: It is formulated with various chemical fertilizers. Nitrogen 100 mg/kg, Phosphorus 5-20 mg/kg, Potassium 100 mg/kg, Calcium 100 mg/kg, Magnesium 20-30 mg/kg, Sulfur 30-40 mg/kg, Nutrient solution pH 6 , Adjust with hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide.
3. After the planting, the management of soilless cultivation is simple and the nutrient solution is poured every 3-4 days. Apply some compound fertilizer after fruit picking.
(B) strawberry hydroponic method with nutrient solution, without matrix, nor with a method of cultivation of strawberries. Here only the domestic small container hydroponics method is introduced.
1, the choice of container family in the roof, platform, interior windowsill can use some small utensils hydroponic strawberries. After the winter heating in the north, the indoor temperature is above 10°C and the highest is 18-23°C, which is suitable for the growth of strawberries. According to the indoor conditions, a glass can bottle (containing 500 ml of nutrient solution) can be selected. The bottle cover is cut into a round plate with a cap size using a rigid foam plate. A hole is drilled in the middle of the cover to plant a seedling, and a hole is drilled on both sides of the cover. For ventilation. The bottle is covered with black plastic to prevent the appearance of moss in the long bottle. Suitable for winter use, it can also be cultivated in a hexagonal plastic pot that can hold 1000 ml of solution. In the same way, a hexagonal cover is cut out of hard foam, two planting holes are made, two air holes are provided, and two strawberry seedlings can be planted in each pot. In addition, wooden trough cultivation can also be used. The general trough is 90 cm long, 12 cm wide and 15 cm high. A plastic film substrate is used in the wooden trough, the trough cover is 1 cm thick, or a 0.5 cm plastic plate is used as a cover. A hole for planting seedlings is planted every 15 cm, and one planting hole is planted in each hole.
2. The nutrient solution was prepared by taking 236 mg/L calcium nitrate, 303 mg/L potassium nitrate, 57 mg/L ammonium phosphate, 123 mg/L magnesium sulfate, and dissolved in tap water to form a liquid A. Calcium nitrate 236 mg/l, Chel-shaped iron 16 mg/l, Boric acid 1.2 mg/l, Manganese chloride 0.72 mg/l, dubbed B solution. Liquids A and B were mixed in a 1000 ml container and stored as a stock solution for use. When it is used, it must be diluted first. Strawberry plants should be applied when they grow. Maintain the concentration of 1.0 before flowering. Take 1 ml of mother liquor and add 9 ml of water. After flowering, keep the concentration of 1.7. Take 1.7 ml of mother liquor and add 8.3 ml of water. Its pH is adjusted to about 6.8 with sulfuric acid. The mother liquor should be kept at a low temperature and in a dark place.
3. Plant the container and clean it before planting. Pour the diluted nutrient solution into the container. The solution is 1 cm from the mouth of the container. Strong seedlings are selected and after a certain amount of low temperature, the flower buds have differentiated. Planted in mid-October.
4. After the colonization of the planting seedlings, 15 to 20 days after planting, a diluted nutrient solution was added to the container once a week, and 50-100 ml of fluid was added to each of the plants. As the solution is continuously evaporating, it is necessary to replenish the water in time and make up the water 2-3 days in winter. The amount of water added is the same as the water level during the planting. If spring and summer make up once a day. Keep the amount of nutrient solution and its concentration stable. Because the container is small and the amount of nutrient solution is not enough to cause oxygen deficiency, it is also necessary to pay attention to supplemental oxygen. In addition to timely replenishment of water and nutrient solution, use a rubber tube to introduce the nutrient solution into another container and refill oxygen several times. When the plants bloom and set fruit, in order to focus on nutrients for fruit development, in addition to the old leaves, stolons, sparse flowers, thinning fruit. Each plant retains 5-6 leaves and leaves 5-6 fruits at the top of the inflorescence.
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