Pig feeding is the last link in pig production. Feeding pigs takes up more money and consumes more material. Therefore, the entire pig production has a significant relationship with economic benefits. The purpose of hog raising is to minimize the amount of feed and labor. In the shortest possible time, the pork with the lowest cost and quantity, the best quality, and the best quality pork can be obtained for the best economic benefits to meet people's need for hogs and foreign trade. . There are many factors that affect the growth and development of pigs, and it is difficult to achieve the following goals with a single technology. Only by adopting comprehensive technical measures can the pork with the lowest cost, largest quantity, and best quality be obtained in a short period of time. In order to improve the slaughter of pigs. Section 1 Growth and development of pigs and factors affecting growth First, the growth and development of pigs Pigs in the growth and development process, the weight gain of each stage and the growth of the organization is different, but also regular.
1. The growth law of body weight: Under the normal feed conditions and feeding and management conditions, the absolute monthly weight gain of the pig body increases with age, while the monthly relative weight gain (weight increase at the beginning of the month and at the beginning of the month 100) declines with age and stabilizes at a certain level in adulthood. That is to say, piglets grow faster than big pigs. Generally pigs have 100kg or less and pigs have less daily gain. After 100kg, pigs have more or less daily gain, and they stop when they reach adulthood. Grow. In other words, the absolute growth of pigs shows a slow and rapid growth trend, while the relative growth rate is the highest at young age and then gradually declines.
2. The law of tissue growth in pigs: The growth intensity of pig bone, muscle, fat, and skin is also unbalanced. The general skeleton is the first to develop and is the first to stop. The bone is long in the longitudinal direction (ie, long in length) and long in the back direction. Muscles grow after the growth of bones. Fat deposits very little in childhood, and it strengthens later until adulthood. Fat long net oil, then long oil. From birth to 6 months of age (100 kg body weight), body fat in pigs increases with age. Moisture decreases with age; minerals remain relatively stable from small to large; protein, deposited in the main growth stage of 20 to 100 kg, the actual change is not, the daily deposition of protein 80 to 120 grams. The growth intensity of the small intestine decreases with age, the large intestine increases with age, and the stomach increases with age. In general, 20 to 60 kg of fattening period is the peak period of skeletal development, 60 to 90 kg. At the peak of muscle development, 100 kg is the peak of fat development. Therefore, general cross-breeding pigs should be slaughtered at 90-110 kilograms.
Second, the factors affecting high-yield fattening
1. Pig breed: During the fattening process of different breeds, the feed, feeding and management, feeding time, methods and measures are all the same. Its weight gain is different. For example, the Dongshan pig is faster than the Luchuan pig. 15%, different hybrid pigs, their weight gain speed is also different, such as the Luchuan sow York boar, the average daily gain 500 grams, about 1 generation of sow Landrace boar, the average daily weight of 600 grams, general hybrid offspring, than The average weight gain of local parents increased by 15-25%.
2. Feed: Feed has a great influence on weight gain. First, the impact of the amount of feed, pigs eat more, fast growth, such as 60 pounds of piglets, eclipses 5 pounds of fine material can be 2 pounds of weight, eat 4 pounds of material, only 1.4 pounds long. Of course too much will cause waste. The other is the influence of feed quality, such as whether the protein level and the amino acid type contained in the pig diet are completely balanced. For example, the crude protein level is 18%, which is faster than the 14% weight gain. At the same time, it is faster to feed the pig with a mixed feed than a single feed.
3. Weight of piglets before fattening: Piglets with large fattening precursors and good growth and development are smaller than the ones with low weight and poor growth. The fattening effect is better. Generally speaking, the bigger the weaning weight, the better the fattening effect.
4. Age: Based on the rate of weight gain per unit of body weight, the younger the age, the faster the weight gain and the less the annual kg weight gain. For example, 10 kg of piglets, a monthly weight gain of 7 kg, a weight gain rate of 70%, a meat ratio of 1:2.1 kg; 80 kg of large pigs, a monthly weight gain of 20 kg, a weight ratio of only 25%, meat ratio 1: 3.4. Therefore, the piggy stage is more significant than the big pigs and the efficiency is good.
5. Feeding density of pigs: According to the experiment, 10 animals are raised in one column, each covers an area of ​​1.2 square meters, gains 610 grams per day, 15 animals are raised in another pen, each covers an area of ​​0.8 square meters, daily gains. 580 grams, an appropriate width is beneficial for weight gain.
In addition, sex (boars increase faster than sows), castration (grazing faster than non-castrated weight gain), temperature (fall fattening is faster than summer, faster winter), and feeding methods (not limited to faster than limit) , feeding the number of meals, deworming or not, have an impact on high-yield fattening.
Section 2 Preparation for Pig-raising Pig Preparation before preparation of pigs generally includes: disinfection, castration, vaccination, and insect repellent.
The pigs can be divided into three stages according to their growth and development stages: pig stage (growth stage of 20-35 kg body weight), middle pig stage (growth stage of 36-60 kg body weight), and pig stage (weight 61- For a fattening period of 90 kg or more, the piglet phase is one of the keys to good fattening pigs. To ensure the healthy growth and development of fattening, the following preparations should be made.
1. Septic disinfection: The purpose is to avoid infection of pigs from infectious diseases and parasites. Before disinfection, do a good job in the maintenance of the sheds, eliminate fecal matter, bedding, etc., flush the ground with water, and then disinfect the sheds, floors, and walls. Disinfection method: 1 Spray with 3% caustic soda water. 2 Brush the walls with 20% lime milk.
2. Castration: Pigs for fattening are castrated: The castration time is usually 10 to 15 days after the birth of the boar, and the gilt is about 25 to 35 days after birth. The castration time tries to avoid piglets. There is a disease. If they are purebred lean pigs, the sows do not castrate, because these pigs grow fast and have not slaughtered when they reach slaughter weight.
3. Vaccination: Pigs used as fattening pigs must be given two swine fever vaccine injections before the transfer stage, and other injections of bacteriological vaccines should be carried out at the time of transfer. Later, they can be based on the epidemic situation. The technical department puts out a unified layout of other vaccines. In order to prevent more serious infectious diseases, ensure the healthy growth of pigs.
4. Insecticide: When the hog enters the pen, it is used to dispel the parasites in one time, and the insects are repelled once every 2 months. The drug can be administered at night by using 1 levigozole hydrochloride tablets at a dose of 1 tablet per 3 kg of live pig weight and a small amount of better feed. 2 levamisole phosphate injection 5 mg/kg body weight.
The ectoparasites (Cockroach, Gardenia, etc.) can be coated or sprayed with a solution of 1.9% trichlorfon, such as Xiaoqingqing and Baixueling.
5. Select piglets for fattening. Pig selection: 1 It is best to select a pig that is a cross between a new Changbai boar and a local Dongshan sow. If economic conditions are possible. It is most desirable to select a long-term eastern second-class pig or a Duchang-dong three-product pig. Generally, the latter two kinds of pigs have a daily gain of 20-30% over the local pigs, a feed utilization rate of 10-15%, and a lean meat ratio of 8-11%. The hybrid pigs of the three breeds have an increase in daily gain over the hybrid pigs of the two breeds. ~15%, feed utilization rate is 8 to 10%, and lean percentage is 6 to 8%; 2 piglets move flexibly, eyes are bright, tails often swing, stools are strips, hair is bright, no skin disease, played The swine fever vaccination (Ixian County vaccination was marked with Carr. The first time the hog larynx was vaccinated against the ear of the left ear, and the second time the hog larynx was placed on the top of the left ear. The prevention of swine erysipelas, swine pneumoconiosis, and swine streptococcus was carried out when the piglets were on the market or weighing 60 kg or more, and after the injection of the vaccine, the needles in the right ear were clipped. Insomnia vaccination and a fifth disease of the swine fever. Normal body temperature (38-39°C) is measured. 3 Body weight: In the piglets weaned with piglets, the body weight is larger, usually 2 months old, weighing 10-15 kilograms, 75-90 Day-old up to 20 to 30 kg. 4 Appearance: Body parts are said to be developed, generally should be selected: head short and wide, flat, back flat, wide, The batch, tall body, front and rear torso are well developed, the abdomen is full and does not droop, the feet are tall, and the tail is thick.
Section III. Comprehensive Management of Hog Feeding and Management 1. Reasonably divide the column according to the size of the body weight, body strength, speed of eating and eating, grouping and merging, the weight of pigs in the same column, pig stage should not exceed 10 catties, medium pigs should not More than 20 pounds, the group should adopt the methods of “weakness does not stay strongâ€, “remove more without dismantlingâ€, and “do not dismantle with night†and other methods should be adopted. After the grouping and merging, it should be relatively stable, otherwise, any change in pigs The group will cause the pig to restless, bite the frame, affect the pig's feeding, sleep and even grow.
Second, patience mediation: training pigs to develop in a fixed place to eat, pull, sleep and eat each other's habits, not only can simplify the day-to-day management work, reduce labor intensity, but also can keep the bar clean and dry, to the pig Comfortable, living environment. Pigs prefer to sleep and sleep at about 60% of the time, at a suitable density. Pigs usually lie in high places, flat grounds, corners of dark corners, on wooden planks, grass mats, hot days like to sleep in the cool place, winter like to sleep in sheltered and warm place; pigs like cleaning, defecation, urine fixed The location, usually at the entrance, entrance, low, wet, corner defecation, urine, and defecation before and after feeding and just getting up; pigs have gregarious, but also strong bully, bully characteristics Pigs mainly rely on odors to make contact; pigs are very sensitive to eating and drinking habits, and master these habits, they can do a good job tuning work. Training pigs, focusing on the new group and the new bar in the pigs to prevent the capture of weak food, fighting, to develop food for pigs, pull, sleep triangle positioning. When it comes to setting up a pig, the key is to catch it early (at the time of the pig's entry into the pen, immediately grasp the tune), and to grasp the ground (duty, diligence, and diligence) to be effective.
Third, a reasonable balance with the fattening pig feed to ensure the nutritional level. The diets of finishing pigs must be fully balanced, not only to meet the needs of maintaining normal life activities, but also to provide more nutrition to meet the needs of growth (gain). A young pig with a weight of 20 kilograms needs 1.42 megakas of digestive energy, about 0.5 kilograms into a compound feed (containing 3.0 megacalories/kg), and an average of 1.3 to 2 kilograms per kilogram of live weight. material. When the pig's body weight reaches 40 to 60 kilograms, about 3.0 kilograms of compounding material is required for each kilogram of weight, indicating that the pig's feed grain should vary with body weight. Pigs are young. The level of protein in the feed should be higher than that of heavy pigs.
1, the energy level of the feed, because the growth and finishing of pigs on the use of energy is to meet the maintenance needs, the excess is used to grow fat and muscle, so the level of energy in the feed can affect the rate of weight gain, that is, It is said that when the energy level in the feed is high, the weight gain rate is fast, whereas the weight gain rate is slow or even not heavy, not only the weight gain rate is affected by the feed energy level but also the feed utilization rate is influenced by the feed energy level; therefore, the fattening pig feed is Energy levels of 3.0 to 3.1 megakats per kilogram of digestive energy are appropriate, and a minimum of 2.8 to 2.9 megabytes is also required.
2, the protein level of feed The rational protein level of finishing pigs, depends on what kind of hybrid pigs, because of the lean meat of different hybrid pigs are different, such as the use of China's local pigs and foreign lean pig hybrid binary hybrids Pigs, lean meat led about 46 to 50%. The average ratio of lean lean meat is between 50 and 55%, indicating that the higher the lean meat percentage, the higher the protein level of feed should be. In addition, the protein level of the feed should be higher in the young pigs. Although the protein level has a certain relationship with the lean meat ratio, it is not necessarily the higher the better. When the protein level in the diet is greatly different, the lean meat percentage can be increased by 1 to 3%, and when the protein level reaches 25%, the lean meat percentage is achieved. There is almost no significant increase, so if the use of high-priced protein feeds only increased to lean meat percentages of 1 to 3%, it would certainly be economically uneconomical. When considering protein levels, it is important to pay attention to the balance of amino acids. If the protein level of the feed is reduced, and the amino acids reach equilibrium, especially if lysine is unique enough to satisfy, its effect is better than raising the protein level. According to the situation of hybrid pigs and feeds in our county, the following energy and protein levels are proposed:
Table I, high nutrient levels heteroaryl lean growth stage pig feed (kg) 10 ~ 35 35 ~ 65 65 ~ 90 digestible energy (Mcal / kg) 3.30 3.10 3.00 Crude protein (%) 201 614 Table II: nutrient levels medium lean growth stage hybrid pig feed (kg) 10 ~ 35 35 ~ 65 65 ~ 90 digestible energy (Mcal / kg) 3.30 3.00 2.90 crude protein (%) 1815133, feed Minerals and vitamins, calcium and phosphorus are supplemented with the best bone powder. Trace elements such as iron, copper, manganese, zinc, cobalt, iodine, and selenium needed by pigs are formulated with its compounds, and 400 mg can be formulated per kilogram of feed. Ferrous sulfate, 50-150 mg copper sulfate, 370-400 mg zinc sulfate, 8 mg manganese sulfate, 2 mg cobalt sulfate, and 0.5 mg sodium selenite. In the preparation of feed, these compounds are mixed evenly, and then diluted with 10 kg of corn fines and mixed in a ratio of 0.05% into 1 ton of compound feed. Be sure to mix evenly to avoid pig poisoning. If the farmers are difficult to formulate, they can purchase the trace element additives of the commodity. Vitamin supplements can use pig multivitamins. Add 15 grams per 100 kilograms of feed.
4, the level of crude fiber in the feed, regardless of feeding hybrid pigs, their feed contains a certain amount of crude fiber. Crude fiber helps the feed to run in the intestine and also prevents pig diarrhea. However, too much crude fiber will affect the digestibility of other feeds and hinder pigs from gaining weight. The content of crude fiber in the finishing pig's feed should be controlled within the range of 10 to 30 kilograms of body weight. Crude fiber should not exceed 3.5%, 30 to 60 kilograms should not exceed 4%, and 60 to 90 kilograms should not exceed 7%.
Fourth, the reform of feeding methods 1 change the clinker feed to feed: green feed, cereal feed, bran feed, containing vitamins and enzymes conducive to digestion of pigs, these feeds cooked, damage to vitamins and enzymes, Protein denaturation was caused and the utilization of lysine was reduced. It was concluded that the results of 26 system tests resulted in a 10% reduction in the utilization rate of grain-based feed compared to raw feed due to the depletion of the cooking process and the destruction of nutrients. At the same time, mature feeding also increases equipment, increases investment, increases labor intensity, and consumes fuel. So be sure to change to cooked and feed for life.
2 Change thinning to dry and wet feeding: Some people think that thin feeding can save feed. This is not the case. The pigs are not very fast and fast. They are not based on the inflation of the pigs. They are based on how much feed the pigs eat. The main reason is how much protein, how much energy and how much of their energy is used in these feeds. The following disadvantages: First, there is more water, less nutrients and dry matter, especially boiled feed water, less dry matter, affecting the feed intake of the pig for nutrition, resulting in lack of nutrition, will inevitably grow slower; Second Water is not equal to feed, because it lacks nutrients and dry matter, such as adding more water to the diet, and drinking it in the stomach. Soon after, several urine excreted from the body, the pig feels hungry, but cannot eat anything, resulting in mood Anxious, jumping, stumbling, and plowing; Third, affecting the digestibility of feed nutrients. We know that feeds are digested and rely on various proteases, amylases, lipases, etc. in the mouth, stomach, intestine, and pancreas. Digest and absorb nutrients. The feeds fed are too thin. The pigs have no time to chew their mouths, and even the water material enters the stomach and intestines. It affects digestion and also affects the activity of stomach and intestine digestive enzymes. Enzymes and feeds are not in full contact. Even if contact occurs, the water dilutes the digestive juices. The utilization rate of feed will inevitably decrease; Fourth, if the feed is too thin, it will easily cause drooping belly, and the slaughter rate will inevitably decline. The use of dry and wet feeding is an important measure to improve the feeding effect of feeds. Dry and wet feeds should be fed first, followed by green feed and free drinking water. This will not only increase the feed intake of nutrients by pigs, but also reduce the energy loss caused by excessive urine output.
3 Change the fattening method after dragging the attack first: We know that pigs grow fast in the early stage and need more protein feed. The latter is mainly long-fat and needs more energy feed. It uses the method of rearing the shelf and then fertilizing. Due to the lack of early protein feeds, low nutritional levels, can not meet the needs of pigs, will inevitably affect growth, grow slowly, to the late when the fat is long, with cassava, rice and other energy feed onslaught to fully meet the growth of fat, must be more fat, Thick oil and high pig prices. We must first delay the attack to be the first strike limit or straight line fattening. Feed the feed with high nutritional value and full price in the early stage of the pig so that the muscle can grow fully. In the later period, the purpose of limiting the amount of energy feeds to inhibit fats is to achieve the goal of long pigs, less fat, more lean meat, and higher selling prices.
V. Scientific feeding methods:
(I) The straight-line fattening method is to provide rich nutrition from 20 to 100 kilograms, not to reduce the material in the medium term, and to make it fully grow, so as to obtain a higher daily weight gain, which requires a weight of 90 to 100 kilograms at the age of 4 months. Feeding method:
First, fattening piglets must be selected for crossbreeding of two or three varieties. Normal development is required. Population weights of 60 to 70 days of age will reach 15 to 20 kilograms, and they will be healthy and disease-free.
Second, 7 to 10 days before the start of fattening, according to species, body weight, strength and weakness of the column, castration, deworming, and epidemic prevention.
Third, the formal finishing period of 3 to 4 months requires daily weight gain of 1.2 to 1.4 kg.
Fourth, the level of dietary nutrients requires the previous period (20 to 60 kg). The diet per grain contains 16 to 18% of crude protein, 3.1 to 3.2 megacalories of digestive energy, and late (61 to 100 kilograms), and crude protein 13 to 14 %, digestive energy 3 ~ 3.1 mega cards, while paying attention to a variety of feed and amino acid, minerals, vitamin supplements.
Fifth, feed 2 to 3 meals a day, eat freely, feed 1.2 to 2.0 kilograms per day in the early stage and 2.1 to 3.0 kilograms in the later period. Concentrate feed is dry and wet, green feed, free drinking water, keep the pig bar dry, clean, summer to prevent the Department, cooling, mosquito repellent, winter to close the doors and windows to keep warm, keep the pig house quiet.
(B) before the attack after the limit of fattening pigs in the past, mostly 1 to 2 months before the slaughter feeding storm, the results of pig fat production. This fattening can not meet the needs of people today for lean meat. A fattening method with a front-end and back-limit must be adopted to increase lean meat production. Feeding method before and after the attack: Before 60 kg of piglets, use high-energy, high-protein diets, 16-18% of crude protein per kilogram of mix, 3.1-3.2 megacaloric digestive energy, and 2 to 3 meals a day. Each meal is free to eat, to saturation, try to play the advantage of early growth of piglets, requiring an increase of 1 to 1.2 kg per day. In the 60- to 100-kilogram stage, medium-energy, medium-protein, about 13-14% of crude protein per kilogram of feed, digestive energy of 3 to 2.9 mega-cards, two meals a day, limited-feeding, only 80% per day The amount of nutrition to reduce fat deposition requires daily gain of 1.2 to 1.4 pounds. In order not to starve the pig, the proportion of coarse material in the feed can be increased so that the pig can eat without being overly fat.
Sixth, the method of feeding and number of meals The method of feeding pigs is mainly regular feeding, qualitative feeding, quantitative feeding, so that pigs develop habits, which is conducive to the digestion and absorption of pig feed. Adjust the taste of the pig before feeding it. The method is to let the pig hear and smell the sounds of eating and drinking. They all rush to the trough and clamor to eat, but they are not in a hurry to adjust the taste. In a few minutes Hey, this can promote the secretion of gastric juice, feed digestion is more complete, feed the first time to feed the concentrate feed, feed green feed, feed the raw material dry and wet feed green feed, and do a good job less to Tim Tim. Water, let pigs drink freely, must be cooked and fed for life, thin and dry for feeding. Number of meals to be fed: 3 to 4 meals for pigs, 3 meals for medium and large pigs. It should also be noted that do not suddenly change the feed: Do not feed on molds that are spoiled or that are too thick or too fine. The amount of feed that is fed to the piglet stage should not exceed 15% of the diet.
VII. Rebuilding barracks to keep the cleanliness of hog growth speed is not only related to feed and quality, but also related to temperature, humidity, light and the cleanliness, drying, and ammonia content of the barn. The suitable temperature for the piglet stage is 20~23°C and for the big pigs is 17~22°C. When the temperature is high, the feed intake of the pig is reduced and the heat dissipation is increased. At low temperatures, energy is used to maintain increased body heat, and both results affect weight gain. Most of the farmer's pens in my county are dung in the pens, and this method has a greater impact on pigs' weight gain. Columns of excrement and urine, grass, grass, corruption, decomposition, often produce harmful gases such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and methane. The presence of these harmful gases is not conducive to the pig's weight gain, and in severe cases it causes the disease in pigs. Dirty and wet areas are the root cause of skin diseases, parasitic diseases and other diseases in pigs. To create a suitable growing environment for pigs, the pig bar must be rebuilt so that it can be clean, dry, and beneficial to the weight gain of the pigs. The reconstructed pig house is divided into two parts (available brick, can also be used to mud into a wall, the partition height of 80 to 90 centimeters is appropriate). Most of the front of the partition wall serves as a place for pigs to eat and sleep, and a small part of the rear wall is where pigs excrete feces and urine. The ground is about 20 cm lower than the floor where pigs sleep. Urine and water will not flow backwards. If you need to build up fat, put grass on it. If picking up feces, this place is a good place for pigs to exercise. The pigs are separated from the excreta and the pens are dry, easy to clean and can be fattened. To create a suitable growth environment for pigs. In hot summer days, wash the floor with water and bathe the pig once or twice a day. When flushing, avoid flushing the head suddenly to avoid shock and death due to severe blood vessel contraction of the head. In winter, we must pay attention to keeping warm, thickening bedding, closing holes in windows, and preventing cold winds from attacking.
Eight, the pig's demeanor, appetite, feces observation techniques should often watch the pigs, so that usually look demeanor, eat appetite, clean look. Find problems and solve them in time. The performance of a normal healthy pig is: Responsive, cool and cool nose, smooth fur and good eyes. Walking and waving, feeding, rushing, appetite, sleep, spread out when the limbs, breathing evenly, urine clear colorless, feces into strips, body temperature 38 ~ 39 °C, breathing 10 to 20 times per minute, heartbeat 60 to 80 points per minute Secondly, if most of the pigs are rushed to the chute at the time of feeding, only the individual pigs will still move or eat a few mouthfuls. It may be that the pig is already sick. Need further inspection. If the whole barn does not come to eat or eat only a few mouthfuls during feeding, it may be a feed problem or a pig's poison. To observe the pig's dung during the morning, the pigs usually have to pick up one urine and the stools are fresh and dry. The problem was found, and the night's excrement was not easy to crush because of poor pig activity. If the faeces are rotten, stench odor, mixed with nasal mucus, there may be pig indigestion or chronic gastroenteritis. Individual pigs in the same column grow slowly, have long hairs and are emaciated. It is very likely that pigs suffer from long-term wasting diseases such as parasitic diseases, diseases of the digestive tract, and diseases of the heat.
Nine, disease prevention measures During the growth of pigs, the body is exposed to unpleasant stimuli in vivo and in vitro, which often leads to the onset and even death of pigs. To prevent the onset of pigs, in addition to the regular disinfection of sheds, environmental hygiene, prevention of infections, removal of parasites from pigs and pigs, and feed nutrition for pigs, the following measures should be taken:
1, as far as possible to avoid outsiders and unrelated personnel into the barracks, if necessary, need to use lime or 2% caustic soda disinfection after entering.
2. Vehicles and pig cages must be disinfected before they can be loaded with pigs.
3, wash the meat can not feed the pig.
4, sick pigs can not be released outside the column in order to avoid infection.
5, do a good job of rodent control, mosquito control, fly control work.
6. Don't go to the sick pigs in sick pigs. If you look at it, you must first disinfect before you enter your own pigpen.
10. Feeding Clean Drinking Water is an important part of all cells in the pig body. It plays an important role in regulating a series of metabolic processes such as regulating body temperature, nutrient operation, digestion, absorption, and waste excretion. Therefore, satisfying drinking water is an important measure to ensure the health and growth of pigs. Feeding wet and dry pigs is particularly important for water. The amount of water consumed by pigs varies with the temperature and weight of feed intake. Generally speaking, about 16% of normal drinking water in spring and autumn, about 23% of summer drinking weight, and about 10% of winter drinking weight. about. It is not good to pour drinking water in a little basin. In this way, drinking water can be easily contaminated by pigs and wet the ground. It is best to build a small pool of 4 pounds of water near the pig's urine. The pool is 10 cm high. Pigs can reach out to drink water. I would like to wash my feet and bathe. This kind of drinking water is not easy to be soiled and get wet. There is no tap water in rural areas. The solution can be to hang a bucket at a height of 1.5 meters above the small pool and make it into the pool through the bicycle steamer to ensure that there is water in the pool.
XI. Appropriate selection of slaughter during the finishing of the slaughter is more appropriate and depends on many factors. The slaughter was too early, the pigs were not yet fully grown, the meat was not fragrant, it was not economical, the slaughter was too late, feed consumption was high and the backfat thickened, and consumers were not welcome. Appropriate slaughter period should take into account the interests of producers and consumers. In addition, slaughter weight should be selected according to the time and place. The economic efficiency of rearing and finishing pigs is related to such factors as the weight gain rate of finishing pigs, feed utilization rate and slaughter rate. The smaller the pig’s age and body weight, the higher the feed utilization rate. With the increase of body weight, the consumption of feed increases accordingly. Therefore, the bigger the finishing pigs, the more feeds are consumed and the more economical it is. On the contrary, if the slaughter weight is not achieved, although the feed utilization is higher, the fattening is not enough, the meat quality is poor, and the slaughtering rate is low, which is not in line with economic principles. Therefore, it should be appropriate to slaughter weight, slaughter at this time in line with the interests of producers, but the finishing pigs should mainly meet the needs of consumers, both require more lean meat, so finishing pigs slaughter weight of about 90 kg.
1. The growth law of body weight: Under the normal feed conditions and feeding and management conditions, the absolute monthly weight gain of the pig body increases with age, while the monthly relative weight gain (weight increase at the beginning of the month and at the beginning of the month 100) declines with age and stabilizes at a certain level in adulthood. That is to say, piglets grow faster than big pigs. Generally pigs have 100kg or less and pigs have less daily gain. After 100kg, pigs have more or less daily gain, and they stop when they reach adulthood. Grow. In other words, the absolute growth of pigs shows a slow and rapid growth trend, while the relative growth rate is the highest at young age and then gradually declines.
2. The law of tissue growth in pigs: The growth intensity of pig bone, muscle, fat, and skin is also unbalanced. The general skeleton is the first to develop and is the first to stop. The bone is long in the longitudinal direction (ie, long in length) and long in the back direction. Muscles grow after the growth of bones. Fat deposits very little in childhood, and it strengthens later until adulthood. Fat long net oil, then long oil. From birth to 6 months of age (100 kg body weight), body fat in pigs increases with age. Moisture decreases with age; minerals remain relatively stable from small to large; protein, deposited in the main growth stage of 20 to 100 kg, the actual change is not, the daily deposition of protein 80 to 120 grams. The growth intensity of the small intestine decreases with age, the large intestine increases with age, and the stomach increases with age. In general, 20 to 60 kg of fattening period is the peak period of skeletal development, 60 to 90 kg. At the peak of muscle development, 100 kg is the peak of fat development. Therefore, general cross-breeding pigs should be slaughtered at 90-110 kilograms.
Second, the factors affecting high-yield fattening
1. Pig breed: During the fattening process of different breeds, the feed, feeding and management, feeding time, methods and measures are all the same. Its weight gain is different. For example, the Dongshan pig is faster than the Luchuan pig. 15%, different hybrid pigs, their weight gain speed is also different, such as the Luchuan sow York boar, the average daily gain 500 grams, about 1 generation of sow Landrace boar, the average daily weight of 600 grams, general hybrid offspring, than The average weight gain of local parents increased by 15-25%.
2. Feed: Feed has a great influence on weight gain. First, the impact of the amount of feed, pigs eat more, fast growth, such as 60 pounds of piglets, eclipses 5 pounds of fine material can be 2 pounds of weight, eat 4 pounds of material, only 1.4 pounds long. Of course too much will cause waste. The other is the influence of feed quality, such as whether the protein level and the amino acid type contained in the pig diet are completely balanced. For example, the crude protein level is 18%, which is faster than the 14% weight gain. At the same time, it is faster to feed the pig with a mixed feed than a single feed.
3. Weight of piglets before fattening: Piglets with large fattening precursors and good growth and development are smaller than the ones with low weight and poor growth. The fattening effect is better. Generally speaking, the bigger the weaning weight, the better the fattening effect.
4. Age: Based on the rate of weight gain per unit of body weight, the younger the age, the faster the weight gain and the less the annual kg weight gain. For example, 10 kg of piglets, a monthly weight gain of 7 kg, a weight gain rate of 70%, a meat ratio of 1:2.1 kg; 80 kg of large pigs, a monthly weight gain of 20 kg, a weight ratio of only 25%, meat ratio 1: 3.4. Therefore, the piggy stage is more significant than the big pigs and the efficiency is good.
5. Feeding density of pigs: According to the experiment, 10 animals are raised in one column, each covers an area of ​​1.2 square meters, gains 610 grams per day, 15 animals are raised in another pen, each covers an area of ​​0.8 square meters, daily gains. 580 grams, an appropriate width is beneficial for weight gain.
In addition, sex (boars increase faster than sows), castration (grazing faster than non-castrated weight gain), temperature (fall fattening is faster than summer, faster winter), and feeding methods (not limited to faster than limit) , feeding the number of meals, deworming or not, have an impact on high-yield fattening.
Section 2 Preparation for Pig-raising Pig Preparation before preparation of pigs generally includes: disinfection, castration, vaccination, and insect repellent.
The pigs can be divided into three stages according to their growth and development stages: pig stage (growth stage of 20-35 kg body weight), middle pig stage (growth stage of 36-60 kg body weight), and pig stage (weight 61- For a fattening period of 90 kg or more, the piglet phase is one of the keys to good fattening pigs. To ensure the healthy growth and development of fattening, the following preparations should be made.
1. Septic disinfection: The purpose is to avoid infection of pigs from infectious diseases and parasites. Before disinfection, do a good job in the maintenance of the sheds, eliminate fecal matter, bedding, etc., flush the ground with water, and then disinfect the sheds, floors, and walls. Disinfection method: 1 Spray with 3% caustic soda water. 2 Brush the walls with 20% lime milk.
2. Castration: Pigs for fattening are castrated: The castration time is usually 10 to 15 days after the birth of the boar, and the gilt is about 25 to 35 days after birth. The castration time tries to avoid piglets. There is a disease. If they are purebred lean pigs, the sows do not castrate, because these pigs grow fast and have not slaughtered when they reach slaughter weight.
3. Vaccination: Pigs used as fattening pigs must be given two swine fever vaccine injections before the transfer stage, and other injections of bacteriological vaccines should be carried out at the time of transfer. Later, they can be based on the epidemic situation. The technical department puts out a unified layout of other vaccines. In order to prevent more serious infectious diseases, ensure the healthy growth of pigs.
4. Insecticide: When the hog enters the pen, it is used to dispel the parasites in one time, and the insects are repelled once every 2 months. The drug can be administered at night by using 1 levigozole hydrochloride tablets at a dose of 1 tablet per 3 kg of live pig weight and a small amount of better feed. 2 levamisole phosphate injection 5 mg/kg body weight.
The ectoparasites (Cockroach, Gardenia, etc.) can be coated or sprayed with a solution of 1.9% trichlorfon, such as Xiaoqingqing and Baixueling.
5. Select piglets for fattening. Pig selection: 1 It is best to select a pig that is a cross between a new Changbai boar and a local Dongshan sow. If economic conditions are possible. It is most desirable to select a long-term eastern second-class pig or a Duchang-dong three-product pig. Generally, the latter two kinds of pigs have a daily gain of 20-30% over the local pigs, a feed utilization rate of 10-15%, and a lean meat ratio of 8-11%. The hybrid pigs of the three breeds have an increase in daily gain over the hybrid pigs of the two breeds. ~15%, feed utilization rate is 8 to 10%, and lean percentage is 6 to 8%; 2 piglets move flexibly, eyes are bright, tails often swing, stools are strips, hair is bright, no skin disease, played The swine fever vaccination (Ixian County vaccination was marked with Carr. The first time the hog larynx was vaccinated against the ear of the left ear, and the second time the hog larynx was placed on the top of the left ear. The prevention of swine erysipelas, swine pneumoconiosis, and swine streptococcus was carried out when the piglets were on the market or weighing 60 kg or more, and after the injection of the vaccine, the needles in the right ear were clipped. Insomnia vaccination and a fifth disease of the swine fever. Normal body temperature (38-39°C) is measured. 3 Body weight: In the piglets weaned with piglets, the body weight is larger, usually 2 months old, weighing 10-15 kilograms, 75-90 Day-old up to 20 to 30 kg. 4 Appearance: Body parts are said to be developed, generally should be selected: head short and wide, flat, back flat, wide, The batch, tall body, front and rear torso are well developed, the abdomen is full and does not droop, the feet are tall, and the tail is thick.
Section III. Comprehensive Management of Hog Feeding and Management 1. Reasonably divide the column according to the size of the body weight, body strength, speed of eating and eating, grouping and merging, the weight of pigs in the same column, pig stage should not exceed 10 catties, medium pigs should not More than 20 pounds, the group should adopt the methods of “weakness does not stay strongâ€, “remove more without dismantlingâ€, and “do not dismantle with night†and other methods should be adopted. After the grouping and merging, it should be relatively stable, otherwise, any change in pigs The group will cause the pig to restless, bite the frame, affect the pig's feeding, sleep and even grow.
Second, patience mediation: training pigs to develop in a fixed place to eat, pull, sleep and eat each other's habits, not only can simplify the day-to-day management work, reduce labor intensity, but also can keep the bar clean and dry, to the pig Comfortable, living environment. Pigs prefer to sleep and sleep at about 60% of the time, at a suitable density. Pigs usually lie in high places, flat grounds, corners of dark corners, on wooden planks, grass mats, hot days like to sleep in the cool place, winter like to sleep in sheltered and warm place; pigs like cleaning, defecation, urine fixed The location, usually at the entrance, entrance, low, wet, corner defecation, urine, and defecation before and after feeding and just getting up; pigs have gregarious, but also strong bully, bully characteristics Pigs mainly rely on odors to make contact; pigs are very sensitive to eating and drinking habits, and master these habits, they can do a good job tuning work. Training pigs, focusing on the new group and the new bar in the pigs to prevent the capture of weak food, fighting, to develop food for pigs, pull, sleep triangle positioning. When it comes to setting up a pig, the key is to catch it early (at the time of the pig's entry into the pen, immediately grasp the tune), and to grasp the ground (duty, diligence, and diligence) to be effective.
Third, a reasonable balance with the fattening pig feed to ensure the nutritional level. The diets of finishing pigs must be fully balanced, not only to meet the needs of maintaining normal life activities, but also to provide more nutrition to meet the needs of growth (gain). A young pig with a weight of 20 kilograms needs 1.42 megakas of digestive energy, about 0.5 kilograms into a compound feed (containing 3.0 megacalories/kg), and an average of 1.3 to 2 kilograms per kilogram of live weight. material. When the pig's body weight reaches 40 to 60 kilograms, about 3.0 kilograms of compounding material is required for each kilogram of weight, indicating that the pig's feed grain should vary with body weight. Pigs are young. The level of protein in the feed should be higher than that of heavy pigs.
1, the energy level of the feed, because the growth and finishing of pigs on the use of energy is to meet the maintenance needs, the excess is used to grow fat and muscle, so the level of energy in the feed can affect the rate of weight gain, that is, It is said that when the energy level in the feed is high, the weight gain rate is fast, whereas the weight gain rate is slow or even not heavy, not only the weight gain rate is affected by the feed energy level but also the feed utilization rate is influenced by the feed energy level; therefore, the fattening pig feed is Energy levels of 3.0 to 3.1 megakats per kilogram of digestive energy are appropriate, and a minimum of 2.8 to 2.9 megabytes is also required.
2, the protein level of feed The rational protein level of finishing pigs, depends on what kind of hybrid pigs, because of the lean meat of different hybrid pigs are different, such as the use of China's local pigs and foreign lean pig hybrid binary hybrids Pigs, lean meat led about 46 to 50%. The average ratio of lean lean meat is between 50 and 55%, indicating that the higher the lean meat percentage, the higher the protein level of feed should be. In addition, the protein level of the feed should be higher in the young pigs. Although the protein level has a certain relationship with the lean meat ratio, it is not necessarily the higher the better. When the protein level in the diet is greatly different, the lean meat percentage can be increased by 1 to 3%, and when the protein level reaches 25%, the lean meat percentage is achieved. There is almost no significant increase, so if the use of high-priced protein feeds only increased to lean meat percentages of 1 to 3%, it would certainly be economically uneconomical. When considering protein levels, it is important to pay attention to the balance of amino acids. If the protein level of the feed is reduced, and the amino acids reach equilibrium, especially if lysine is unique enough to satisfy, its effect is better than raising the protein level. According to the situation of hybrid pigs and feeds in our county, the following energy and protein levels are proposed:
Table I, high nutrient levels heteroaryl lean growth stage pig feed (kg) 10 ~ 35 35 ~ 65 65 ~ 90 digestible energy (Mcal / kg) 3.30 3.10 3.00 Crude protein (%) 201 614 Table II: nutrient levels medium lean growth stage hybrid pig feed (kg) 10 ~ 35 35 ~ 65 65 ~ 90 digestible energy (Mcal / kg) 3.30 3.00 2.90 crude protein (%) 1815133, feed Minerals and vitamins, calcium and phosphorus are supplemented with the best bone powder. Trace elements such as iron, copper, manganese, zinc, cobalt, iodine, and selenium needed by pigs are formulated with its compounds, and 400 mg can be formulated per kilogram of feed. Ferrous sulfate, 50-150 mg copper sulfate, 370-400 mg zinc sulfate, 8 mg manganese sulfate, 2 mg cobalt sulfate, and 0.5 mg sodium selenite. In the preparation of feed, these compounds are mixed evenly, and then diluted with 10 kg of corn fines and mixed in a ratio of 0.05% into 1 ton of compound feed. Be sure to mix evenly to avoid pig poisoning. If the farmers are difficult to formulate, they can purchase the trace element additives of the commodity. Vitamin supplements can use pig multivitamins. Add 15 grams per 100 kilograms of feed.
4, the level of crude fiber in the feed, regardless of feeding hybrid pigs, their feed contains a certain amount of crude fiber. Crude fiber helps the feed to run in the intestine and also prevents pig diarrhea. However, too much crude fiber will affect the digestibility of other feeds and hinder pigs from gaining weight. The content of crude fiber in the finishing pig's feed should be controlled within the range of 10 to 30 kilograms of body weight. Crude fiber should not exceed 3.5%, 30 to 60 kilograms should not exceed 4%, and 60 to 90 kilograms should not exceed 7%.
Fourth, the reform of feeding methods 1 change the clinker feed to feed: green feed, cereal feed, bran feed, containing vitamins and enzymes conducive to digestion of pigs, these feeds cooked, damage to vitamins and enzymes, Protein denaturation was caused and the utilization of lysine was reduced. It was concluded that the results of 26 system tests resulted in a 10% reduction in the utilization rate of grain-based feed compared to raw feed due to the depletion of the cooking process and the destruction of nutrients. At the same time, mature feeding also increases equipment, increases investment, increases labor intensity, and consumes fuel. So be sure to change to cooked and feed for life.
2 Change thinning to dry and wet feeding: Some people think that thin feeding can save feed. This is not the case. The pigs are not very fast and fast. They are not based on the inflation of the pigs. They are based on how much feed the pigs eat. The main reason is how much protein, how much energy and how much of their energy is used in these feeds. The following disadvantages: First, there is more water, less nutrients and dry matter, especially boiled feed water, less dry matter, affecting the feed intake of the pig for nutrition, resulting in lack of nutrition, will inevitably grow slower; Second Water is not equal to feed, because it lacks nutrients and dry matter, such as adding more water to the diet, and drinking it in the stomach. Soon after, several urine excreted from the body, the pig feels hungry, but cannot eat anything, resulting in mood Anxious, jumping, stumbling, and plowing; Third, affecting the digestibility of feed nutrients. We know that feeds are digested and rely on various proteases, amylases, lipases, etc. in the mouth, stomach, intestine, and pancreas. Digest and absorb nutrients. The feeds fed are too thin. The pigs have no time to chew their mouths, and even the water material enters the stomach and intestines. It affects digestion and also affects the activity of stomach and intestine digestive enzymes. Enzymes and feeds are not in full contact. Even if contact occurs, the water dilutes the digestive juices. The utilization rate of feed will inevitably decrease; Fourth, if the feed is too thin, it will easily cause drooping belly, and the slaughter rate will inevitably decline. The use of dry and wet feeding is an important measure to improve the feeding effect of feeds. Dry and wet feeds should be fed first, followed by green feed and free drinking water. This will not only increase the feed intake of nutrients by pigs, but also reduce the energy loss caused by excessive urine output.
3 Change the fattening method after dragging the attack first: We know that pigs grow fast in the early stage and need more protein feed. The latter is mainly long-fat and needs more energy feed. It uses the method of rearing the shelf and then fertilizing. Due to the lack of early protein feeds, low nutritional levels, can not meet the needs of pigs, will inevitably affect growth, grow slowly, to the late when the fat is long, with cassava, rice and other energy feed onslaught to fully meet the growth of fat, must be more fat, Thick oil and high pig prices. We must first delay the attack to be the first strike limit or straight line fattening. Feed the feed with high nutritional value and full price in the early stage of the pig so that the muscle can grow fully. In the later period, the purpose of limiting the amount of energy feeds to inhibit fats is to achieve the goal of long pigs, less fat, more lean meat, and higher selling prices.
V. Scientific feeding methods:
(I) The straight-line fattening method is to provide rich nutrition from 20 to 100 kilograms, not to reduce the material in the medium term, and to make it fully grow, so as to obtain a higher daily weight gain, which requires a weight of 90 to 100 kilograms at the age of 4 months. Feeding method:
First, fattening piglets must be selected for crossbreeding of two or three varieties. Normal development is required. Population weights of 60 to 70 days of age will reach 15 to 20 kilograms, and they will be healthy and disease-free.
Second, 7 to 10 days before the start of fattening, according to species, body weight, strength and weakness of the column, castration, deworming, and epidemic prevention.
Third, the formal finishing period of 3 to 4 months requires daily weight gain of 1.2 to 1.4 kg.
Fourth, the level of dietary nutrients requires the previous period (20 to 60 kg). The diet per grain contains 16 to 18% of crude protein, 3.1 to 3.2 megacalories of digestive energy, and late (61 to 100 kilograms), and crude protein 13 to 14 %, digestive energy 3 ~ 3.1 mega cards, while paying attention to a variety of feed and amino acid, minerals, vitamin supplements.
Fifth, feed 2 to 3 meals a day, eat freely, feed 1.2 to 2.0 kilograms per day in the early stage and 2.1 to 3.0 kilograms in the later period. Concentrate feed is dry and wet, green feed, free drinking water, keep the pig bar dry, clean, summer to prevent the Department, cooling, mosquito repellent, winter to close the doors and windows to keep warm, keep the pig house quiet.
(B) before the attack after the limit of fattening pigs in the past, mostly 1 to 2 months before the slaughter feeding storm, the results of pig fat production. This fattening can not meet the needs of people today for lean meat. A fattening method with a front-end and back-limit must be adopted to increase lean meat production. Feeding method before and after the attack: Before 60 kg of piglets, use high-energy, high-protein diets, 16-18% of crude protein per kilogram of mix, 3.1-3.2 megacaloric digestive energy, and 2 to 3 meals a day. Each meal is free to eat, to saturation, try to play the advantage of early growth of piglets, requiring an increase of 1 to 1.2 kg per day. In the 60- to 100-kilogram stage, medium-energy, medium-protein, about 13-14% of crude protein per kilogram of feed, digestive energy of 3 to 2.9 mega-cards, two meals a day, limited-feeding, only 80% per day The amount of nutrition to reduce fat deposition requires daily gain of 1.2 to 1.4 pounds. In order not to starve the pig, the proportion of coarse material in the feed can be increased so that the pig can eat without being overly fat.
Sixth, the method of feeding and number of meals The method of feeding pigs is mainly regular feeding, qualitative feeding, quantitative feeding, so that pigs develop habits, which is conducive to the digestion and absorption of pig feed. Adjust the taste of the pig before feeding it. The method is to let the pig hear and smell the sounds of eating and drinking. They all rush to the trough and clamor to eat, but they are not in a hurry to adjust the taste. In a few minutes Hey, this can promote the secretion of gastric juice, feed digestion is more complete, feed the first time to feed the concentrate feed, feed green feed, feed the raw material dry and wet feed green feed, and do a good job less to Tim Tim. Water, let pigs drink freely, must be cooked and fed for life, thin and dry for feeding. Number of meals to be fed: 3 to 4 meals for pigs, 3 meals for medium and large pigs. It should also be noted that do not suddenly change the feed: Do not feed on molds that are spoiled or that are too thick or too fine. The amount of feed that is fed to the piglet stage should not exceed 15% of the diet.
VII. Rebuilding barracks to keep the cleanliness of hog growth speed is not only related to feed and quality, but also related to temperature, humidity, light and the cleanliness, drying, and ammonia content of the barn. The suitable temperature for the piglet stage is 20~23°C and for the big pigs is 17~22°C. When the temperature is high, the feed intake of the pig is reduced and the heat dissipation is increased. At low temperatures, energy is used to maintain increased body heat, and both results affect weight gain. Most of the farmer's pens in my county are dung in the pens, and this method has a greater impact on pigs' weight gain. Columns of excrement and urine, grass, grass, corruption, decomposition, often produce harmful gases such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and methane. The presence of these harmful gases is not conducive to the pig's weight gain, and in severe cases it causes the disease in pigs. Dirty and wet areas are the root cause of skin diseases, parasitic diseases and other diseases in pigs. To create a suitable growing environment for pigs, the pig bar must be rebuilt so that it can be clean, dry, and beneficial to the weight gain of the pigs. The reconstructed pig house is divided into two parts (available brick, can also be used to mud into a wall, the partition height of 80 to 90 centimeters is appropriate). Most of the front of the partition wall serves as a place for pigs to eat and sleep, and a small part of the rear wall is where pigs excrete feces and urine. The ground is about 20 cm lower than the floor where pigs sleep. Urine and water will not flow backwards. If you need to build up fat, put grass on it. If picking up feces, this place is a good place for pigs to exercise. The pigs are separated from the excreta and the pens are dry, easy to clean and can be fattened. To create a suitable growth environment for pigs. In hot summer days, wash the floor with water and bathe the pig once or twice a day. When flushing, avoid flushing the head suddenly to avoid shock and death due to severe blood vessel contraction of the head. In winter, we must pay attention to keeping warm, thickening bedding, closing holes in windows, and preventing cold winds from attacking.
Eight, the pig's demeanor, appetite, feces observation techniques should often watch the pigs, so that usually look demeanor, eat appetite, clean look. Find problems and solve them in time. The performance of a normal healthy pig is: Responsive, cool and cool nose, smooth fur and good eyes. Walking and waving, feeding, rushing, appetite, sleep, spread out when the limbs, breathing evenly, urine clear colorless, feces into strips, body temperature 38 ~ 39 °C, breathing 10 to 20 times per minute, heartbeat 60 to 80 points per minute Secondly, if most of the pigs are rushed to the chute at the time of feeding, only the individual pigs will still move or eat a few mouthfuls. It may be that the pig is already sick. Need further inspection. If the whole barn does not come to eat or eat only a few mouthfuls during feeding, it may be a feed problem or a pig's poison. To observe the pig's dung during the morning, the pigs usually have to pick up one urine and the stools are fresh and dry. The problem was found, and the night's excrement was not easy to crush because of poor pig activity. If the faeces are rotten, stench odor, mixed with nasal mucus, there may be pig indigestion or chronic gastroenteritis. Individual pigs in the same column grow slowly, have long hairs and are emaciated. It is very likely that pigs suffer from long-term wasting diseases such as parasitic diseases, diseases of the digestive tract, and diseases of the heat.
Nine, disease prevention measures During the growth of pigs, the body is exposed to unpleasant stimuli in vivo and in vitro, which often leads to the onset and even death of pigs. To prevent the onset of pigs, in addition to the regular disinfection of sheds, environmental hygiene, prevention of infections, removal of parasites from pigs and pigs, and feed nutrition for pigs, the following measures should be taken:
1, as far as possible to avoid outsiders and unrelated personnel into the barracks, if necessary, need to use lime or 2% caustic soda disinfection after entering.
2. Vehicles and pig cages must be disinfected before they can be loaded with pigs.
3, wash the meat can not feed the pig.
4, sick pigs can not be released outside the column in order to avoid infection.
5, do a good job of rodent control, mosquito control, fly control work.
6. Don't go to the sick pigs in sick pigs. If you look at it, you must first disinfect before you enter your own pigpen.
10. Feeding Clean Drinking Water is an important part of all cells in the pig body. It plays an important role in regulating a series of metabolic processes such as regulating body temperature, nutrient operation, digestion, absorption, and waste excretion. Therefore, satisfying drinking water is an important measure to ensure the health and growth of pigs. Feeding wet and dry pigs is particularly important for water. The amount of water consumed by pigs varies with the temperature and weight of feed intake. Generally speaking, about 16% of normal drinking water in spring and autumn, about 23% of summer drinking weight, and about 10% of winter drinking weight. about. It is not good to pour drinking water in a little basin. In this way, drinking water can be easily contaminated by pigs and wet the ground. It is best to build a small pool of 4 pounds of water near the pig's urine. The pool is 10 cm high. Pigs can reach out to drink water. I would like to wash my feet and bathe. This kind of drinking water is not easy to be soiled and get wet. There is no tap water in rural areas. The solution can be to hang a bucket at a height of 1.5 meters above the small pool and make it into the pool through the bicycle steamer to ensure that there is water in the pool.
XI. Appropriate selection of slaughter during the finishing of the slaughter is more appropriate and depends on many factors. The slaughter was too early, the pigs were not yet fully grown, the meat was not fragrant, it was not economical, the slaughter was too late, feed consumption was high and the backfat thickened, and consumers were not welcome. Appropriate slaughter period should take into account the interests of producers and consumers. In addition, slaughter weight should be selected according to the time and place. The economic efficiency of rearing and finishing pigs is related to such factors as the weight gain rate of finishing pigs, feed utilization rate and slaughter rate. The smaller the pig’s age and body weight, the higher the feed utilization rate. With the increase of body weight, the consumption of feed increases accordingly. Therefore, the bigger the finishing pigs, the more feeds are consumed and the more economical it is. On the contrary, if the slaughter weight is not achieved, although the feed utilization is higher, the fattening is not enough, the meat quality is poor, and the slaughtering rate is low, which is not in line with economic principles. Therefore, it should be appropriate to slaughter weight, slaughter at this time in line with the interests of producers, but the finishing pigs should mainly meet the needs of consumers, both require more lean meat, so finishing pigs slaughter weight of about 90 kg.
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