Cultivation of Tenebrio

Tenebrio can be used as a live bait for yellow leeches, shrimps, and crabs instead of earthworms and fly maggots. Tenebrio nutritional value is high, it is reported that Tenebrio contains protein 47.68%, fat 28.56%, carbohydrates 23.76%. Tenebrio breeding technology is simple, one can manage dozens of square meters of culture area, can be three-dimensional production. Tenebrio is odorless and can be grown in the house. Low cost, 1.5 to 2 kg of wheat bran can develop 0.5 kg of Tenebrio.
Tenebrio can be safely overwintered at temperatures above 0°C and can be eaten and eaten above 10°C. In the south of the Yangtze River can be breeding all year round. In particularly dry conditions, the mealworms, especially adults, have habits of eating together. Tenebrio larvae and adults were able to feed on day and night, but they were active during the night. Although adults have wings, most of them do not leap, and even if they leap, they will not fly far. Four to five days after emergence of adult mate, spawning starts. Mating activities are not divided into day and night, but more in the night than in the daytime. It takes a couple of hours to mate with each other for several times in a lifetime. It spawns several times and spawns 6 to 15 eggs each time. Each female adult can spawn 30 to 350 capsules in its lifetime, and most of them produce 150 to 200 capsules. Eggs stick to the bottom of the container or feed. The life of the adult is 3 to 4 months. The hatching time of eggs varies greatly with the temperature. It takes 20 to 25 days to hatch at 10 to 20°C, and only 4 to 7 days can be hatched at 25 to 30°C. In order to shorten the egg hatching time, keep the interior warm as much as possible. The larvae sleep for 17 to 19 days and are reared for about 75 to 200 days. The general body length reaches 30 mm, the body thickness reaches 8 mm, the maximum individual length is 33 mm, and the thickness is 8.5 mm. The suitable temperature for the larvae activity is 13 to 32°C, the optimum temperature is 25 to 29°C, very little activity below 10°C, and there is a danger that the larvae are frozen or heat-dead below 0°C or higher than 35°C. Larvae are resistant to drought, and the optimum humidity is 80 to 85%. The sleeping larvae become crickets, and the dawn body sleeps in the feed piles, and is not covered.蛹 Sometimes self-moving, when you are going to emerge as an adult, you can rotate from side to side for a few minutes or ten minutes to take off your coat and turn it into an adult. Shorter pupal stage, when the temperature at 10 ~ 20 °C 15 ~ 20 days can be feathered, 25 ~ 30 °C 6 ~ 8 days can be feathered. Tenebrio is omnivorous, whole grains and bran, peel, leaves, etc. can be used as feed. Artificial feeding mainly feeds wheat bran, rice bran, and lettuce leaves.
(I) Cultivation methods Tenebrio have a relatively simple cultivation technique, and they can be used for large-scale factory cultivation or small-scale family cultivation according to production needs.
1. Factory cultivation: This production method can provide Tenebrio as a bait on a large scale. Suitable for aquaculture, such as astragalus and cockroach. The method of factory farming is carried out indoors. The doors and windows of the rearing room should be equipped with screens to prevent entry of predators. Several rows of wooden racks (or iron racks) are arranged in the room, and each wooden (iron) rack is divided into 3 to 4 layers, each layer is spaced 50 cm apart, and a feeding trough is placed on each floor. The size of the trough is adapted to the wooden frame. Feeding troughs can be made of sheet metal or wood. The general specifications are 2 meters long, 1 meter wide and 20 centimeters high. If wood is used as a trough, the inner wall of the frame should be affixed with a glossy paper to make it smooth and prevent Tenebrio climbing out.
2. Family nurturing: The family cultivates Tenebrio, which can be placed on the balcony or under the bed with a basin, wooden box, carton, tile pot, and other containers. The surface of the container is too rough and can be used with waxed paper on the inner wall.
(II) Feed and Feeding Methods The feed for artificial breeding of Tenebrio molitoris is divided into two categories: one is fine material—wheat bran and rice bran; the other is green material—all kinds of melon peel or green vegetables.
Concentrates should be disinfected, sun dried and used before use. Fresh wheat bran can also be used directly. Green materials should be washed away, dried and then fed. Do not bring too much moisture into the feeder tank to prevent the feed from becoming moldy. It is best not to feed moldy feed.
(C) temperature and humidity Tenebrio is a variable temperature animal, its growth activity, life cycle and external temperature and humidity are closely related. The optimum temperature and relative humidity for each state are shown in the table. Table 1 The optimum temperature and humidity of each mealworm Tenebrio molitor egg larvae Adult worm optimum temperature (°C) 19 ~ 26 25 ~ 29 26 ~ 30 26 ~ 28 Optimum humidity (%) 78 ~ 85 30 ~ 85 78 ~ 85 78 ~85 Temperature and humidity outside this range, Tenebrio have higher mortality. In summer, the temperature is high and the water is easy to evaporate. Water can be sprayed on the ground to lower the temperature and increase the humidity. During the rainy season, the humidity is too high and the feed is mild and the windows should be ventilated. In cold winter weather, doors and windows should be closed to warm up indoors.
(IV) Treatment of feed worms Tenebrio can be used as live feeds and dry feeds, regardless of larvae, cockroaches, or adults, except for the retention of seed. Larvae from hatching to phlegm about 3 months or so, during this period the individual insects from a few millimeters to 30 millimeters, can be directly fed Astragalus. Overproduction can be dried and stored. Mealworms can be used as live bait and dry feed, regardless of larvae, cockroaches, or adults, except for seedlings. Larvae from hatching to phlegm about 3 months or so, during this period the individual insects from a few millimeters to 30 millimeters, can be directly fed Astragalus. Overproduction can be dried and stored.

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