Five Common Mistakes in Fertilization—Do You Know Them?
First, over-reliance on a single type of fertilizer. Many vegetable farmers today mainly use nitrogen fertilizers, while neglecting phosphate, potash, and micronutrients. This leads to an imbalance in the soil, with excessive nitrogen causing waste and even increasing soil salinity. As a result, crops may show signs of nutrient deficiency, leading to lower yields and poor quality.
Second, improper use of chemical, organic, and biological fertilizers. Some farmers prefer chemical fertilizers because they are easy to apply, while they consider organic options messy and time-consuming. This can lead to a decline in soil organic matter and damage to soil structure, which negatively affects both crop yield and quality. On the other hand, some farmers overemphasize organic fertilizers but apply them incorrectly, such as using uncomposted manure, which can release harmful gases in greenhouses and harm plant growth. It’s recommended to properly process organic fertilizers before application.
Third, incorrect timing of fertilizer application. Vegetables require different nutrients at different growth stages, so it's important to apply fertilizers when needed. Applying too early can cause the nutrients to be absorbed by the soil or washed away, making them unavailable for the plants.
Fourth, overuse of foliar fertilizers while neglecting base and top-dressing fertilizers. Although foliar sprays can give quick results, they only provide a small amount of nutrients. Their main benefit comes from regulating plant metabolism and helping the roots absorb nutrients from the soil. Therefore, it's essential to ensure the soil has sufficient nutrients, rather than relying solely on foliar applications.
Fifth, lack of understanding about fertilizer characteristics. Before applying any fertilizer, it's important to understand its properties. For example, urea doesn’t work well in temperatures below 15°C, and nitrate-based fertilizers can easily leach away in waterlogged areas. Chloride-containing fertilizers like ammonium chloride or potassium chloride should not be used on chlorine-sensitive crops. Understanding these details helps optimize fertilizer use and improve crop performance.
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