The five common mistakes in fertilization, do you know them?
First, over-reliance on a single type of fertilizer. Many vegetable farmers today mainly use nitrogen-based fertilizers, while neglecting phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients. This leads to an imbalance in the soil, with excessive nitrogen causing waste and even soil salinization. It also increases the risk of plant diseases and can result in nutrient deficiencies, which negatively affect both yield and quality.
Second, improper use of chemical, organic, and biological fertilizers. Some farmers prefer chemical fertilizers because they are easy to apply, but they often ignore the benefits of organic and biological options. This leads to a decline in soil organic matter and poor soil structure, which in turn affects the health and productivity of vegetables. Others may overemphasize organic fertilizers but apply them improperly, such as using raw manure directly in fields, which can release harmful gases in greenhouses and harm plant growth. It’s better to compost or treat organic fertilizers before applying them.
Third, incorrect timing of fertilizer application. Vegetables have different nutrient needs at different growth stages. Applying fertilizers too early can cause them to be washed away by water or absorbed by the soil without being used by the plants, leading to inefficiency and waste. Timing is key to ensuring that nutrients are available when the plants need them most.
Fourth, overusing foliar fertilizers while ignoring base and top-dressing. Many farmers rely heavily on foliar sprays, believing they produce quick results. However, these fertilizers provide only small amounts of nutrients. Their main benefit lies in regulating plant metabolism and helping roots absorb nutrients from the soil. Therefore, it's important not to neglect base fertilizers and regular top-dressing, as the soil remains the foundation for healthy plant growth.
Fifth, misunderstanding the characteristics of chemical fertilizers and applying them incorrectly. Before using any fertilizer, it’s essential to understand its properties. For example, urea doesn’t work well in cold soils below 15°C, nitrate-based fertilizers tend to leach easily and should not be used in low-lying areas, and chlorine-sensitive crops shouldn’t receive chlorinated fertilizers like ammonium chloride or potassium chloride. Knowing how each fertilizer behaves helps maximize its effectiveness and avoid damage to crops.
By avoiding these common mistakes, farmers can improve soil health, increase yields, and ensure more sustainable agricultural practices.
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