Due to the high metabolic rate of carp during transport and their delicate nature, the stocking density is typically lower compared to other fish species. This requires careful planning and appropriate transportation methods to ensure their survival and quality upon arrival.
**1. Transportation Methods**
**(a) Using Fishing Rods and Canvas Buckets:**
This method is most suitable for short-distance transport. When transporting summer fish species, the recommended ratio is 10-15 fish per kilogram of water, depending on the temperature. For larger fish (around 30-50 grams each), the number should be reduced to 5-10 fish per kilogram of water. It's crucial to keep the water in constant motion and avoid sudden vibrations. If the fish show signs of stress or abnormal behavior, water should be added or changed promptly. Always handle the water carefully to minimize disturbance.
**(b) Oxygenated Plastic Bags:**
This is a preferred method for long-distance transport. At a water temperature of 20-25°C, it’s possible to maintain around 300 carp in plastic bags for 18-20 hours. The key is to ensure sufficient oxygen supply and proper bag inflation without overfilling, which can lead to bursting under pressure.
**2. Key Considerations for Successful Transport**
**(a) Selecting High-Quality Fish Stock:**
The health and physical condition of the fish play a vital role in successful transport. Weak, thin, or sick fish are more susceptible to stress, low oxygen levels, and poor water conditions. Therefore, it's important to select robust, lively, and uniform-sized fish that are free from disease.
**(b) Pre-Transport Net Training:**
One to two days before transport, fish should be acclimated through net training. This helps reduce mucus production and waste excretion, which can otherwise degrade water quality during transit.
**(c) Controlling Water Temperature:**
During summer, water temperatures tend to be higher. To improve survival rates, ice can be used to cool the water, but it should not be too cold. A target temperature of around 20°C is ideal to balance comfort and oxygen availability.
**(d) Managing Water Quality and Quantity:**
When using rods or canvas buckets, regular water changes are necessary. However, never replace more than two-thirds of the water at once. The new water should be slightly cooler and handled gently to avoid shocking the fish. Dead fish must be removed immediately to prevent contamination. For plastic bag transport, fresh, non-toxic water with high dissolved oxygen and low organic content is essential. The water should occupy 2/5 to 1/2 of the bag’s volume.
**(e) Ensuring Adequate Oxygen Supply:**
Oxygenation is critical when using plastic bags. The bags should be filled to about 60-70% of their capacity with air to avoid excessive pressure. Proper aeration ensures the fish have enough oxygen without risking damage to the bags.
**3. Adult Fish Transportation**
For adult fish, live fish carts are commonly used. These vehicles are equipped with oxygenation systems, waste removal, and water exchange capabilities, making them efficient for large-scale transport. The typical ratio of carp to water is 1:3 to 1:4. For small quantities or long-distance transport, oxygenated rubber bags are often used. In this case, the water should occupy about one-third of the bag’s volume, and the fish should be limited to one-fourth of that amount to ensure adequate space and oxygen flow.
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