Occurrence and Control of Garlic Garlic

Due to the unusually high temperatures in winter and spring, the occurrence of garlic pests and diseases has worsened. This climate condition has created favorable conditions for the survival of pests through winter and their subsequent damage to garlic sprouts in the spring. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that garlic farmers take early and more diligent measures to prevent and control these pests. Symptoms of infestation include larvae feeding on the bulb, causing rotting inside. The above-ground leaves may turn yellow, wilt, or even die. When pulling up affected plants, maggots can be seen inside. The outer skin of the garlic becomes yellow-brown and soft, while the cloves are often exposed, broken, and emit a foul odor. Infected bulbs are easily pulled out and damaged. The life cycle of the pest begins before winter, with larvae overwintering in the soil. They pupate and emerge as adults in March of the following year. Female flies lay eggs in cracks or clumps of soil near garlic roots or within leaf sheaths. After 5–7 days, the eggs hatch into larvae, which then feed on the garlic. The period of active growth in garlic is also the peak time for egg hatching. To manage this pest effectively, several control methods should be implemented based on current weather conditions and the growth stage of the garlic. First, adult flies can be trapped using a homemade lure made from brown sugar, vinegar, and water in a 1:1:2.5 ratio. Adding sawdust and trichlorfon to the mixture enhances its effectiveness. These traps attract and kill adult flies, reducing the number of eggs laid. Second, during the adult laying period, spraying a 1.8% chitin solution diluted 1000 times can help kill both adult flies and eggs. This treatment should be applied once every seven days, with two applications recommended to significantly reduce egg-laying and subsequent damage. Third, applying nitrogen and sulfur fertilizers during watering can act as a deterrent to garlic sprouts, helping to minimize pest damage. Lastly, chemical control is necessary if infected plants are detected. A mixture of phoxim and chlorpheniramine, or chlorpyrifos, can be applied to the field. It’s best to apply the treatment before irrigation or rain. In severe cases, repeat the application every 10 to 15 days to ensure effective control. By combining these strategies, farmers can better protect their garlic crops from the damaging effects of garlic sprouts. Early detection and timely intervention are key to maintaining healthy and productive garlic fields.

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