1. Parental choice is fundamental
When raising goldfish for self-use, it's important to focus on proper feeding from an early age. However, it's crucial not to overfeed them before spawning, as this can lead to weak post-spawning health and even death. To raise healthy fry, select fish with a long body shape and clear physical traits. Keep the water diluted, change it frequently, and feed high-quality food with added nutrients (but avoid this for slim varieties like butterfly-tail goldfish). During the fattening stage, soak the fish twice in a 0.5% sodium bicarbonate solution for 15–20 minutes each time, which promotes growth and development. After one year of care, the fish can grow up to 13 cm and weigh around 150 grams. Although mature, their genetic instability makes them unsuitable for breeding stock. The ideal breeding age is between 2 and 3 years. Whether you're keeping your own broodstock or introducing new species, choose purebred goldfish with distinct, uniform body sizes. For grass goldfish, dragon goldfish, and high-head varieties, secondary traits are usually obvious. For other types, the caudal fin can be used as an indicator of purity—soft, thin, flat, and well-developed tails suggest purebreds, while tight, thick, or unevenly developed ones may indicate hybridization.
2. Prenatal preparation is critical
At the end of March and early May, when water temperatures stabilize between 15–20°C, select broodstock and pair them in a 1:1 or 1:1.5 ratio. Only a few rare varieties should be kept in each pool, with careful attention to nutrition and care. Spawning pools should be 1–2 square meters in size, either square or round, with smooth walls and dark-colored interiors. After cleaning and disinfecting the pond, fill it with 25–30 cm of filtered fresh water using a 75-mesh filter, and add disinfected plants or brown tablets. The broodstock should be acclimated to green water before breeding.
3. Technical points to note when spawning
To avoid crossbreeding, different goldfish species must not be mixed in the same spawning pool. When the water temperature reaches about 18°C (or use a plastic greenhouse to prevent sudden weather changes), start the process. Freshwater is flushed into the spawning pool in the afternoon, and the fish are released 1.5 hours later. The next day, from dawn until 10 AM, males and females chase and spawn among aquatic plants. If no spawning occurs on the first day, it might happen the next. If not, the broodstock is returned to the rearing pool for a week. When handling, use a spoon to gently lift the fish to avoid injury and infection. Artificial insemination is more efficient and scientific. A porcelain basin with fresh water and plants is used. Two people hold the male and female, aligning their reproductive openings. Gently squeeze the male’s abdomen to release sperm and the female’s to release eggs. Fertilization happens in water. This method is similar to the “Four Homes†technique but with adjusted dosages—each female receives 60–120 micrograms of LRH-A, and males receive half that dose. Spawning typically occurs 8–20 hours after injection. Males release fine sperm. During artificial insemination, protect sperm and eggs from direct sunlight using black umbrellas. Coordination is essential to ensure quick and gentle handling, avoiding injury or post-spawning deaths.
4. Proper postpartum care can significantly reduce broodstock mortality
After spawning, broodstock are often weak, stressed, and prone to disease. Poor care can result in high mortality. Through years of practice, I’ve developed effective measures to improve survival rates. These include injecting sulfadiazine sodium and glucose into the dorsal fin base at a rate of 1 mL per 100 grams of body weight. For naturally hatching fish, inject them just before sunrise on the second day. For artificially hatched fish, do it immediately. Provide oxygenation for 4–6 hours daily, and maintain water color light, with a depth of 30–50 cm. Darker water can also be used if needed, helping reduce sexual stimulation and aid recovery. Avoid feeding immediately after spawning to prevent digestive issues. On the second day, feed one-third of the normal amount once daily, between 6–7 AM. Gradually increase feeding based on activity levels. After one week, replace and disinfect the water using lime, avoiding strong-smelling chemicals. If injured, bathe the fish in 3% saline for 5–10 minutes. These methods have improved the quality and survival rate of "Shen You" goldfish in Zhenping significantly.
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