1. Parental choice is fundamental
When raising goldfish for personal use, it's essential to focus on proper feeding from an early stage. However, care must be taken not to overfeed before spawning, as this can lead to weak post-spawning health and even death. To raise healthy fry, select fish with long body shapes and clear quality traits. Maintain diluted water, change it frequently, and provide high-quality food with added nutrients (but avoid this for slim varieties like the butterfly tail). During the fattening period, immerse the fish in a 0.5% sodium bicarbonate solution for 15-20 minutes twice. This helps promote growth and development. After one year of careful breeding, goldfish can reach up to 13 cm in length and weigh around 150 grams. Although they are mature, their genetic instability makes them unsuitable for breeding stock. The best breeding age is between 2 to 3 years. Whether you're keeping your own broodstock or introducing new species, choose purebred goldfish with clear and consistent body characteristics. For grass goldfish, dragon goldfish, and high-head varieties, secondary traits are usually obvious. For other types, the caudal fin can serve as an indicator of purity. A soft, thin, flat, and well-developed caudal fin typically indicates a pure breed, while a tight, thick, and unevenly developed fin may suggest hybridization.
2. Prenatal preparation is critical
At the end of March and early May each year, when the water temperature stabilizes between 15°C and 20°C, select the broodstock and divide them in a ratio of 1:1 or 1:1.5. Only a few high-quality individuals should be placed in each pool. Provide proper care and nutrition. The spawning pools should be 1-2 square meters, either square or round, with smooth inner walls and dark-colored surfaces. After cleaning and disinfecting the pools, fill them with 25-30 cm of filtered fresh water using a 75-mesh filter. Place disinfected brown tablets or aquatic plants inside. The broodstock should be acclimated in green water before spawning.
3. Key technical points during spawning
To avoid mixing different goldfish species, do not mix them in the same spawning pool. When the water temperature stabilizes at about 18°C (you can also breed in plastic greenhouses to prevent sudden weather changes), follow these steps:
(1) Flush the spawning pool with fresh water in the afternoon, and release the fish nest into the pool. The next day, from dawn until 10 o'clock, male and female fish will chase and spawn among aquatic plants. If no spawning occurs on the first day, it may happen the following day. If no eggs are laid, the broodstock should be returned to the rearing pool after a week. When handling the fish, use a spoon to gently lift them, avoiding injury that could lead to infection after spawning.
(2) Artificial insemination is more efficient and scientific. Use a large porcelain basin filled with fresh water and aquatic plants. Two people hold the male and female fish, positioning their reproductive organs opposite each other. Gently squeeze the male’s abdomen to release sperm, and similarly stimulate the female to release eggs. Fertilization occurs in the water. The method is similar to the “Four Homes†technique but with adjusted dosages—each female receives 60-120 micrograms of LRH-A, while the male gets half that amount. Spawning typically occurs 8-20 hours after injection. Males will release sperm shortly after. During the process, protect the sperm and eggs from direct sunlight by using black umbrellas. Operators must work quickly and gently to avoid harming the broodstock, which could lead to post-spawning deaths.
4. Proper postpartum care reduces broodstock mortality
After spawning, the broodstock is often weak and vulnerable to disease and stress. Inadequate care can result in high mortality rates. Based on recent experience, we have developed a set of effective measures to significantly reduce post-spawning deaths. These include:
Inject sulfadiazine sodium and glucose into the dorsal fin base of the broodstock. Administer 1 mL per 100 grams of body weight. Use a single needle for each fish. For naturally hatched broodstock, inject them just before sunrise on the second day after spawning. For artificially hatched ones, inject immediately after spawning.
After spawning, keep the broodstock in water with an aerator running for 4-6 hours daily and once a week. The water should not be too dark, and the depth should be around 30-50 cm. Darker water can still be used if the depth is 30 cm. This helps reduce sexual stimulation and supports recovery.
Do not feed the broodstock immediately after spawning, as this can cause digestive issues or even death. On the second day, feed them at one-third of the normal dose, once a day, between 6-7 AM. Gradually increase the amount based on their activity levels. After a week, replace and disinfect the water. Use quicklime for disinfection and avoid strong-smelling chemicals. If any fish are injured, treat them with a 3% saline bath for 5-10 minutes.
These practices ensure the quality of "Shen You" brand goldfish in Zhenping and significantly improve the survival rate of post-spawning broodstock.
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