The spiny-breasted frog, commonly known as "jelly-chilled" or "frozen stone," is a highly valued amphibian with an adult weight of around 350 grams. It is renowned for its delicious meat and high nutritional and medicinal value. During the Ming Dynasty, Li Shizhen, the famous Chinese herbalist, described this frog as having "spirit and frog in one body, detoxification in one hundred insects." Locally, it is believed to be beneficial for nourishing yin and detoxifying the body. It is used to treat conditions such as yin deficiency, fatigue, persistent fever, childhood diarrhea, nocturnal enuresis, and other ailments.
In recent years, intensive artificial breeding has become more common, with a survival rate of approximately 84.8%. Young frogs typically weigh between 2 and 4 grams at the start of breeding. After 244 days of cultivation, they can reach a maximum weight of 178 grams, with a feed conversion ratio of 6.2. Currently, provinces such as Jiangxi, Anhui, Zhejiang, and Fujian have established aquaculture systems for this species.
The breeding process begins with selecting suitable pro-frogs. The breeding pool should cover an area of 12 square meters, with a wall height of 0.8 meters. Two-fifths of the space is designated for feeding, while three-fifths is reserved for water and environmental needs. The pool depth should be about 2.2 meters, with an inlet designed for winter hibernation. A net cover is installed on top to prevent escape, and shaded structures are provided for both summer and winter.
Frogs are primarily fed "Daping No. 2" along with live worms. When the water temperature ranges from 9°C to 22°C, from April to November, their daily food intake is 4% to 10% of their body weight. From December to the following year, when the temperature drops to 2°C–13°C, the intake decreases to 2% to 3%. Healthy frogs should be strong, free from injuries, with bright skin and mucous membranes. They should measure 11–13 cm in length and weigh between 150–250 grams. Males must have clear thoracic spines, strong forelimbs, and loud calls, while females should have a soft, enlarged abdomen that feels slightly elastic when touched.
The breeding ratio is 1:1, with a density of 2 frogs per square meter. For hormone-induced spawning, the urine production pools range from 0.56 to 5 square meters, with a water depth of 30 cm. Stones or wooden boards are placed inside to create multiple caves for the frogs to inhabit and spawn. Vascular plants are added for cover. The best time for hormone administration is around 4 p.m. The hormone mixture includes LHRH-A3, mixed hormones A and B, and 0.7% physiological saline. Female frogs receive doses of 200 mg/kg LHRH-A3, or 20 IU/kg of mixed hormones A or B, while males receive half the dose. Before placing the frogs into the spawning pool, the area must be thoroughly cleaned, ensuring all sludge and egg membranes are removed. Water is continuously circulated during the process.
Egg collection is done early in the morning or late in the afternoon when temperatures are lower. Eggs are collected by hand or using smooth tools like pots, buckets, or bowls. The egg membrane is carefully separated from the attachment, and eggs are placed in water-filled containers. Care is taken not to damage the embryos. Eggs should not be stored for too long to avoid hypoxia. They should be kept in cool, shaded areas to maintain optimal development.
During incubation, vascular plants or ferns are placed in the hatchery, and eggs are evenly distributed. A density of 1500–2000 eggs per square meter is recommended. Regular cleaning is essential to prevent clogging and ensure proper hatching. As incubation progresses, more water is added. At the late stage of embryonic development, the fertilization and hatching rates are calculated. Once hatched, the plants are removed, and the water quality is maintained.
When the first tadpoles are about 15 mm long, they are weak and need to stay in the hatchery. On the third day, cooked egg yolks are introduced, given twice daily for three days at a rate of 1 capsule per 2000 tadpoles. Feeding is done gently, avoiding overfeeding. The yolk is mashed and spread in the water for consumption. By the fourth day, small fish or rice is introduced, gradually increasing the feeding amount. Feeding is scheduled regularly, with excess food removed and adjusted accordingly.
After 30 days, the tadpoles grow to about 35 mm and develop strong feeding abilities. Survival rates are checked, and they are moved to separate ponds with a stocking density of 300–350 per square meter. The feeding rate is increased to 10% of their body weight. After 60 days, the frogs reach about 60 mm in length, and another survival check is performed. They are divided into two groups with a stocking density of 200 per square meter.
Finally, structures such as long-limbed platforms, tables, and frog boxes are placed in the pond to help abnormal frogs land. Nets are set up to prevent escape, and young frogs are collected for further growth. This comprehensive breeding system ensures the successful cultivation of the spiny-breasted frog, making it a valuable resource for both culinary and medicinal purposes.
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