The spiny-breasted frog, commonly known as the "jelly-chilled" or "frozen stone" frog, is a species valued for its delicious meat and high nutritional and medicinal properties. Reaching an adult weight of up to 350 grams, it has been historically recognized for its health benefits. During the Ming Dynasty, Li Shizhen, the famous physician, described the frog as having "spirit and frog in one body, detoxifying over a hundred insects," highlighting its traditional use in Chinese medicine. Locals often refer to it as a powerful remedy for nourishing yin and eliminating toxins. It is used to treat conditions such as yin deficiency, fatigue, chronic heat, childhood diarrhea, nocturnal urination, and other ailments.
In recent years, intensive artificial breeding of the spiny-breasted frog has become more common, with a survival rate of around 84.8%. Juvenile frogs typically weigh between 2 to 4 grams, and after 244 days of breeding, they can reach a maximum weight of 178 grams, with a feed conversion ratio of 6.2. Currently, aquaculture of this species is widespread in provinces like Jiangxi, Anhui, Zhejiang, and Fujian.
Breeding begins with the selection of healthy pro-frogs. The cultivation pool should be approximately 12 square meters, with a wall height of 0.8 meters. The feeding area should occupy two-fifths of the total space, while the water environment occupies the remaining three-fifths. The pool depth should be about 2.2 meters, with an inlet for winter hibernation caves and a top net to prevent escape. A summer and winter shelter should also be installed. The primary diet consists of "Daping No. 2" feed, supplemented with live worms. Depending on the water temperature, feeding rates vary: from April to November, when temperatures range between 9°C and 22°C, frogs consume 4% to 10% of their body weight daily. In December to the following year, when temperatures drop, the intake decreases to 2% to 3%.
Pro-frogs should be strong, free of injuries, with bright skin and mucous membranes. They should measure 11 to 13 cm in length and weigh between 150 to 250 grams. Males must have clear chest spines, strong forelimbs, and loud calls, while females should have soft, enlarged bellies that feel ovum-filled when touched. The male-to-female ratio should be 1:1, with a density of 2 per square meter.
For spawning, a cement pool of 0.56 to 5 square meters is used, with a water depth of 30 cm. Stones or wooden boards are placed to create multiple caves for the frogs to inhabit and spawn. Small aquatic plants are added for cover. Spawning is usually done around 4 p.m. Hormones such as LHRH-A3, mixed hormones A and B, are injected into the frogs at specific doses. Female frogs receive 200 mg/kg of LHRH-A3 or 20 IU/kg of mixed hormones A or B, while males receive half the dose. Before placing the frogs in the spawning pool, it should be thoroughly cleaned, and stones should be arranged according to specifications. Water should remain flowing throughout the process. Minimize disturbances at night and check for spawning in the morning.
Egg collection is best done before 10 a.m. or after 5 p.m., when temperatures are lower. Eggs are collected using smooth tools like pots, buckets, or bowls. Carefully separate the egg membranes from the attachment and transfer them to a bowl filled with water using tweezers. Avoid damaging the embryos during handling. Eggs should not be stored for long periods to prevent hypoxia. Store the eggs in a cool place away from direct sunlight to ensure proper development.
During incubation, vascular plants or ferns are placed in the hatchery, and eggs are evenly distributed. A density of 1500 to 2000 eggs per square meter is recommended. Regular cleaning of the eggs and removal of debris helps prevent blockages and losses. As the incubation progresses, increase the water level. When the embryo reaches the late primitive intestine stage, calculate the fertilization rate by examining 100 eggs. Hatching rate is determined when the right temporal dome closes.
Once the first hatchlings are about 15 mm long, they are kept in the hatchery. On the third day, cooked egg yolks are fed, once in the morning and once in the evening, for three days at a rate of one capsule per 2000 frogs. Stop feeding for 30 seconds each time. Prepare the yolk by squeezing it through gauze into a fine paste and feed it in small amounts. From the fourth day, introduce cooked loach, scutellaria, or rice, feeding at about 4% of their body weight. Gradually increase the amount as the frogs grow, maintaining a regular and measured feeding schedule.
After 30 days, the tadpoles reach about 35 mm in length and develop strong feeding abilities. Check survival rates and move them to separate ponds with a stocking density of 300 to 350 fish per square meter. Increase the ration to about 10% of their body weight. After 60 days, the frogs reach 60 mm in length. Conduct another survival check and divide the group into two feeding groups. Stocking density should be 200 fish per square meter. Install platforms, tables, and frog boxes in the pools to help abnormal frogs land. Set nets to prevent escape, and collect young frogs for feeding in separate ponds.
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