In natural conditions, ground locusts enter a hibernation phase from mid-November to April of the following year when temperatures drop below 10°C. Eggs laid after September remain dormant until they hatch in July of the next year. As a result, it takes about 2-3 years to complete one full life cycle. The dormancy period accounts for roughly one-third of the entire generation time. If earthworms can be induced into dormancy, their growth and reproduction cycles can be significantly accelerated. Research suggests that the dormancy of these organisms is primarily triggered by environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and food availability. By artificially controlling temperature, humidity, and other conditions, the growth cycle can be shortened from 23–33 months to just 11 months, effectively boosting productivity.
One effective method is warm incubation of egg sheaths. Maintaining a temperature of 30°C with around 75% relative humidity allows eggs to hatch within 35–45 days. If the temperature is lower, between 26–28°C, hatching may take 46–60 days. Using artificial heating during winter and spring ensures timely hatching. In areas with heating equipment, egg sheaths can be placed in warming pits or pools for optimal conditions. Two main heating methods are commonly used: electric heating and heat-based systems. Electric heating is ideal in regions with stable power supply, offering easy control and adjustment. For places without electricity, alternative heating sources like stoves or fire pits can be used.
When using a heat receiver, only 1–2 pots (depending on the number of egg sheaths) should be placed inside. There should be space between the pot and the egg sheath to prevent direct contact, which could affect hatching. Each pot should hold about 1–1.5 kg of egg sheaths. Temperature plays a critical role in embryonic development, so it’s essential to adjust the heat receiver to the desired temperature before placing the eggs. Once the correct temperature is reached, minor adjustments are acceptable. However, if the temperature fluctuates too much, it can damage the eggs. The ideal temperature for hatching is around 30°C, and it must remain stable throughout the process. Sudden changes can slow down hatching, cause irregular emergence, and reduce the overall hatching rate. Humidity is equally important; if it drops, warm water at 30°C can be sprayed onto the egg sheaths. Regular turning—once or twice a day—ensures even heat distribution.
Artificial warming is most effective during early February, as this reduces the need for prolonged heating and saves energy costs. Hatching can occur from early February to late March, followed by about one month of controlled warmth. By May, when temperatures naturally rise, heating can be stopped. Newly hatched nymphs are small, requiring less space and easier management. For example, if hatching occurs in November, it may take about three months of warming and feeding before reaching maturity. This longer period increases costs and complicates management. Therefore, early February is considered the best time for artificial hatching.
Once hatched, the worms need proper care and maintenance. During winter and spring, natural temperatures often fall below the required levels for their growth. Artificial heating is necessary, typically starting in November when temperatures drop below 10°C and ending in May. By using artificial warming, eggs laid in May can develop into breeding females by April of the following year, shortening the generation cycle to just 11 months. However, females raised under artificial conditions tend to have shorter lifespans, weaker bodies, and are more prone to disease compared to those raised naturally. To maintain healthy populations, some eggs should be left to develop under natural conditions.
The warming and feeding method is particularly useful for promoting the growth of female earthworms, especially when using herbal feed, which can further enhance their reproductive output. The feeding area for warmed worms must be well-insulated and maintained at a consistent temperature. Heating in the room can be done through fire pits or stoves.
During the warming and feeding process, management is similar to natural breeding, but attention must be given to temperature differences between the upper and lower layers of the room. Usually, the upper layer is warmer, while the lower layer is cooler. To ensure balanced growth, earthworms from the upper layer should be moved to the lower layer, and vice versa. This helps maintain an even population distribution. Additionally, warm water should be diluted, and fresh green feed should be added regularly to support their health and growth.
Frozen squid whole refers to squid that has been cleaned, gutted, and frozen whole, including the head, body, and tentacles. This type of squid is commonly used in various cuisines, including Asian, Mediterranean, and Italian, and can be prepared in many ways, such as grilling, frying, or boiling. Frozen squid whole is often sold in seafood markets, grocery stores, and online retailers and can be stored in the freezer for several months.
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