In natural conditions, ground locusts enter a hibernation phase from mid-November to April of the following year when temperatures drop below 10°C. Eggs laid after September remain dormant until July of the next year, which means it takes 2-3 years to complete one full generation. The dormancy period accounts for about one-third of the entire life cycle. If earthworms can be induced into dormancy, their growth and reproduction cycles can be significantly shortened. Studies suggest that the dormancy of earthworms is primarily triggered by environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and food availability. By artificially controlling these conditions—such as adjusting temperature and humidity—it's possible to reduce the growth cycle from 23–33 months down to just 11 months, thereby accelerating development and reproduction.
One effective method is warm incubation of egg sheaths. Maintaining a temperature of 30°C and a relative humidity of around 75% allows eggs to hatch within 35–45 days. If the temperature is slightly lower, between 26–28°C, hatching may take 46–60 days. Using artificial heating during winter and spring ensures timely hatching. In areas with access to electricity, electric heating systems are ideal due to their ease of control and adjustment. For regions without power, alternative heating methods like stoves or fire pits can be used. When using a heat receiver, place only 1–2 pots per egg sheath, ensuring there is space between them so they don’t directly interfere with the hatching process. Each pot should hold about 1–1.5 kg of egg sheaths. Temperature is crucial for embryonic development, so it must be carefully regulated before placing the egg sheaths inside. Once set, the temperature should remain stable; sudden changes can slow hatching, cause irregularity, and reduce success rates. Humidity is equally important—low humidity can be addressed by misting with warm water at 30°C, while turning the egg sheaths 1–2 times daily ensures even heat distribution.
Artificial warm hatching is most effective in early February, as this reduces the need for prolonged heating and saves energy. Hatching can occur from early February to late March, with warming continuing for about one month. By May, when natural temperatures rise, heating can be stopped. Newly hatched nymphs are small and require less space, making them easier to manage. For example, if hatching occurs in November, it may take three months of warming and feeding, increasing costs and complexity. Therefore, starting in early February is optimal for efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
Another key aspect is raising and maintaining earthworms during winter and spring when natural temperatures are insufficient. Heating should begin in November when temperatures fall below 10°C and continue until May. With artificial heating, eggs laid in May can develop into mature females by April of the following year, shortening the generation cycle to just 11 months. However, females raised under artificial warmth tend to have shorter lifespans, weaker health, and are more prone to disease compared to naturally grown ones. To maintain natural breeding quality, some eggs should be left to develop without artificial intervention. Meanwhile, the warming and fast-feeding technique is beneficial for promoting the growth of herb-fed females, ultimately boosting their productivity.
The feeding area for warmed earthworms must be well-insulated and maintained at a consistent temperature. Heating can be done using fire pits or stoves. During management, it’s important to monitor the temperature differences between the upper and lower layers of the room, as the top tends to be warmer. Earthworms should be periodically moved between layers to ensure even distribution. Additionally, warm water should be diluted and mixed with green feed to support healthy growth.
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