The American bigmouth bass, scientifically known as *Micropterus salmoides* (Lacepède), is a large freshwater fish native to North America. It has become a popular choice for aquaculture due to its rapid growth, strong resistance to disease, and adaptability to various environmental conditions. This species can survive in water temperatures ranging from 0°C to 42°C, making it highly versatile for different climates. Countries like Russia and Ukraine have already adopted it as an alternative to traditional carp species, and Chinese fisheries began exploring its potential as early as the 1980s. In May 1993, the Hubei Fisheries Science Institute introduced the first batch of American bigmouth bass into China, marking the start of local breeding efforts.
Through extensive research on its biology, feeding habits, artificial breeding, and pond cultivation, scientists developed a tailored system suitable for China’s environment. The project not only filled a gap in local aquaculture but also brought significant economic and social benefits. Over time, this new species has contributed to diversifying China’s freshwater fish industry and improving resource utilization.
Key technical achievements include:
1. A comprehensive study comparing the biological traits of the American bigmouth bass with local fish species.
2. Successful artificial propagation, including the production of the first generation of fry.
3. Development of seedling rearing techniques adapted to Chinese conditions.
4. Optimization of feed formulas based on regional availability, reducing costs by up to 40%.
5. Large-scale distribution of over 1.2 million fry across multiple provinces, generating direct economic returns of 613,000 yuan and over 14 million yuan in social benefits.
In terms of breeding technology, the American bigmouth bass shares some similarities with catfish but also has unique characteristics. Key practices include using artificial oxytocin for spawning, cultivating fry in concrete pools or cages, and managing adult fish in ponds through monoculture or polyculture systems. Water quality management, such as lime disinfection, plays a crucial role in disease prevention. The fish is also relatively resistant to diseases, though early-stage fry may be prone to anchor worm infestations, which can be controlled with trichlorfon treatments.
The introduction of this species holds great promise for China's aquaculture industry. It supports the diversification of fish species, enhances market value, and promotes sustainable use of aquatic resources. With its high yield and low maintenance, the American bigmouth bass is expected to contribute significantly to both economic growth and ecological balance in both developed and underdeveloped regions, especially in mountainous areas where fish farming is becoming increasingly important.
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Shaanxi Changsheng Industrial Co., Ltd. , https://www.cncsbio.com