The American bigmouth bass, scientifically known as *Micropterus salmoides*, is a large freshwater fish native to North America. It has become a popular species for aquaculture due to its rapid growth, high yield, strong disease resistance, and adaptability to various environmental conditions. This fish can survive in water temperatures ranging from 0°C to 42°C, making it suitable for cultivation in different regions. Countries such as Russia and Ukraine have already introduced this species as an alternative to traditional carp, and Chinese fisheries began exploring its potential as early as the 1980s.
In May 1993, the Hubei Fisheries Science Institute successfully introduced the American bigmouth bass into China. Through extensive research on its biology, economic traits, artificial breeding, pond culture, and feed development, scientists developed a comprehensive breeding system tailored to local conditions. This initiative not only filled a gap in domestic aquaculture but also brought significant economic and social benefits. The introduction of this new freshwater species has proven to be a valuable addition to China’s aquatic resources.
Key technical achievements include:
1. A thorough study of the biological characteristics of the American bigmouth bass, comparing them with local species like the black carp.
2. Successful artificial breeding, resulting in the first generation of offspring.
3. Development of suitable seedling cultivation methods adapted to China's environment.
4. Optimization of compound feeds based on regional feeding habits, reducing costs by up to 40%.
5. Promotion of over 1.2 million seedlings across provinces like Guangdong, Sichuan, Hubei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Shanghai, and Beijing, generating over 613,000 yuan in direct economic returns and more than 14 million yuan in social benefits.
From a technical perspective, the American bigmouth bass shares some similarities with catfish but also has distinct features. Key breeding techniques include:
1. Artificial hormone-induced spawning, followed by natural reproduction in cement pools, ponds, or raceways.
2. Seedling rearing using concrete tanks or nursery systems, with high survival rates (81–92%) after 10–15 days.
3. Adult culture in ponds, either alone or in combination with other species, with stocking densities of 50–150g fish at 9,000–12,000 per hectare.
4. Disease management, particularly during the fry stage, where treatments like trichlorfon are used to prevent infections.
The successful introduction of the American bigmouth bass holds great promise for China’s aquaculture industry. It helps diversify freshwater fish species, improves market availability of premium fish, and supports sustainable resource use. Its widespread adoption is expected to generate substantial economic, social, and ecological benefits, especially in both developed and underdeveloped regions.
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