Characteristic agriculture is heavily reliant on greenhouses, but the traditional greenhouse structures have long been limited by their skeletal framework. The main materials—bamboo, steel, and cement—cost between 6,000 to 10,000 yuan per 667 square meters. These materials not only increase the cost but also bring problems such as poor light penetration and inefficient heat retention. Moreover, the pillars used in these greenhouses make it difficult for farming equipment to operate smoothly and reduce the overall efficiency of the structure. The lifespan of such greenhouses is typically only 2 to 10 years, making them a less sustainable option for long-term agricultural use.
In contrast, the new technology introduces a revolutionary greenhouse skeleton that combines the flexibility of bamboo, the strength of steel, and the moisture-resistant properties of plastic. This innovative material can last 20 to 30 years, significantly extending the useful life of the greenhouse. The curved design allows for a span of 8 to 16 meters with no central pillars, making it ideal for automated farming equipment. The production cost per meter of this skeleton is just 1.30 yuan. For example, an 8-meter wide and 84-meter long greenhouse would require 84 skeletons, each 10 meters long, totaling around 1,092 yuan. Adding costs for agricultural films and other consumables, the total investment remains under 3,000 yuan. Compared to traditional reinforced concrete greenhouses that cost at least 5,000 yuan and last only 10 years, this method offers a much more cost-effective solution.
Although some manufacturers produce pillarless greenhouses, the high cost—ranging from 10,000 to 20,000 yuan—makes it unaffordable for many small-scale farmers. To address this issue, a simple and low-cost technique has been developed that allows farmers to build inorganic composite greenhouses without expensive machinery.
The first step involves creating your own molds. Visit a building materials market and purchase high-quality PVC pipes with a diameter of 4 to 6 cm and custom lengths. Cut the pipe lengthwise using a saw, then bend it to the desired shape. To maintain the curvature during casting, an outer formwork made of wood or steel must be constructed. As long as the mold can hold the required shape, it will work well.
Next, prepare the raw material mixture. A basic formula includes magnesium chloride (30%), magnesium oxide (50%), talc (13%), sulfuric acid (0.5%), triethanolamine, toluene (0.1%), ferrous sulfate (0.3%), oxalic acid (for pH adjustment), trisodium phosphate, formaldehyde (1%), diamine (0.03%), phenol (0.02%), and glass fiber filaments (2.95%). If this seems too complex, you can simplify it by using only the first three components. The additional chemicals help improve the product's strength, tensile resistance, and prevent it from becoming powdery over time. A release agent can be made from polyvinyl alcohol, butter, or concentrated soap.
For tools, you’ll need brushes, plastic scoops, vibrators, and wooden or rebar molds.
Finally, follow the production process:
1. Fix the mold on the frame and apply the release agent.
2. Pull the fiberglass filaments through the die, ensuring even distribution.
3. Mix the main ingredients with water to create a toothpaste-like paste. Test the pH with a strip; aim for 7–8. Adjust if necessary with oxalic acid.
4. Use a plastic scoop to fill the mold with the mixture while gently pulling the fibers to center them.
5. Vibrate the mold gently while filling to eliminate air bubbles and ensure a dense structure.
6. After filling, let the mold sit horizontally for 7 days to cure naturally. Once dry, remove the mold and you’ll have a greenhouse skeleton with the perfect curve.
This method provides an affordable, durable, and efficient way for farmers to build greenhouses without relying on expensive machines or materials.
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