Black Peanut was introduced from China National Petroleum Corporation in 1998. It is the first in China and abroad. It has high protein, high arginine, high selenium, high potassium and other characteristics, and has broad prospects for development in health food and medical care. 1. The selection of peanuts on the plots is the flowering of the ground, and the results of the underground crops are based on the loosening of the tillage layer and the thick sandy loam in the living soil layer. However, yellow brown soil is suitable for planting black peanuts. According to the Zhengyang Soil Survey, a brown brown soil plot with a yield of 500kg or more per 1/15 hectare was measured. The soil structure was more than 45cm thick for the entire soil layer, about 30cm for the ripening tillage layer, and the loam layer was a soft loam layer. The texture of the soil is a clay layer below 10 cm; a layer of silty clay is between 10 cm and 30 cm. In this soil structure, the capillary pores are small and large, the non-capillary pores are large and small, the permeability of the upper layer of soil is good, the lower layer of soil has strong water storage and fertility, and the heat capacity is high, so that the soil in the water, fertilizer, and gas The heat is harmonized and harmonized, which is conducive to the growth of peanuts and the formation of pods. Second, the preparation of soil fertilization Before sowing, choose a good live soil layer, fertile soil, drainage and irrigation convenient yellow brown soil plots. After the autumn harvest, deep plowing will be carried out. After the spring, shallow plowing will be carried out, that is, deep plowing, deep plowing, flat plowing, no discarding, no dark plowing, and no debris. Each acre quality organic fertilizer 2500kg-3000kg, diammonium 20kg-25kg, urea 10kg, potassium chloride 12.5kg-15kg. Third, the ridiculing of peanut growth and development requires loose soil, living soil deep. Peanut ridging can effectively increase the living soil layer, improve the soil permeability, in order to facilitate drainage and irrigation, but also promote the expansion of pods, increase the number of full Fruit, but also reduce pods and rot. However, ridging can be based on the texture of the soil, in the yellow brown earth block: ridge width 80cm, furrow depth 20cm-25cm, ridge width 60cm, ridge height 10cm. Before ridging, apply "filling fertilizer" to cultivate strong seedlings and enhance stamina. Four, pests and weeds prevention and control 2.5% per acre with 10ml-15ml, 150ml of water, mixed peanuts 15kg, prevention and treatment of peanut stalk rot, root rot; per acre with 10% fast kill insects 2kg, of which 1kg Spread the ground surface evenly before ploughing, 1kg evenly sprinkle the hoe for soil treatment before the ploughing to prevent soil damage; use 96% Jinduer 60ml-80ml per mu, 30kg water, cover the membrane The former soil is closed to prevent peanut weeds. Fifth, the rational planting of black peanuts will be planted in spring before and after April 15th. After sowing, the seeds were sown on a mulch covered with plastic mulches. Each pod was planted in two rows and planted in a wide and narrow row with a narrow row of 30 cm and a width of 50 cm. The hole was drilled and set with a hole driller, and the hole distance was 17cm. Artificial sowing was performed. 2 seeds were sowed per hole, and 9000 holes were planted per acre. Immediately after sowing, use wet fine soil on the hole and press on small mound. The mound is about 5cm high and wide, so as to prevent leakage after the film is covered. Six, field management 1. Seedling replanting: due to seed quality, lack of soil moisture, improper site preparation fertilization, pest damage and rain and other low temperature and other adverse climate conditions, resulting in the death of seed buds, lack of seedlings breaking line. Therefore, seedlings were inspected in a timely manner after sowing of peanuts for 10 days to 15 days. The phenomenon of seedling deficiency was found to promptly regenerate and ensure seedlings. 2. Perforated membrane breakage: After the emergence of mulching peanuts, it is necessary to punch and break membranes to release seedlings in time. When laying seedlings, it is necessary to grasp the principle of “greening and not putting seedlings, and good days putting seedlingsâ€, and when the first leaf grows green, it will turn green. After the unfolding, before 10 o'clock in the morning and after 4 o'clock in the afternoon, break the membrane, drill about 5 cm, and gently peel off the leaves by hand. Subsequent sealing of the soil will compact the mulch, otherwise it will burn the seedlings. 3. Pest control: When the aphid spotting occurs at the end of May and early June, use 25% Akita 6g-10g per mu, or 44% Dominqing 30ml-60ml water plus 30kg water spray; mid-June per acre Use 10% exterminator to kill 2kg, add fine soil l0kg to cover the ground around the peanut root to control cockroaches and worms, etc.; in early July, use 40% Dakenin 80ml per acre, add 30kg of water spray 1 to 2 times, control Leaf spot, rust. 4. In case of early watering: When drought occurs during the flowering period, the podging period and the full fruiting period, drought and watering must be timely. Drought watering is best to use sprinkler irrigation water, sprinkler irrigation should be appropriate to extend the irrigation time, the amount of water spray is appropriate, so that there is a proper amount of water in the ditch, in order to facilitate moisture from the ditch to the ridge, prevent flooding Ridge surface. After watering, when it is suitable to dry and wet, cultivating the ridge in order to prevent soil compaction in the ditch. Ensure that fruit needles are timely inoculated and the fruits are enlarged and firm. However, in the event of flooding, drain the water in a timely manner to prevent it. 5. Prosperous control: In the plastic film under the needle to the pod period, with the rainfall of the rainy season, that is, the arrival of high temperature and high humidity, easy to cause prosperous growth. To control the growth, should be in the late peanuts to the early stage of scab, or the height of the main stem 35cm-40cm, with about 20g per mu of Zhuang full security, spraying 40kg of water on the leaf surface 1 times -2 times. Not only control the growth, but also control gibberellin biosynthesis in peanut plants, reducing cell division and elongation, that is, inhibiting the growth of vegetative shoots, dwarfing plants, thickening leaves, can also promote the increase of root activity, improve photosynthetic products. The operation and distribution. Therefore, physiological and biochemical functions are adjusted, dry matter accumulation is increased, quality is improved, and yield is increased. 6. To prevent premature aging, about 40 days before the peanut harvest, 1.5%-2% urea plus 250-300g of monobasic potassium phosphate per acre, 50kg of water, foliar spray 2 times-3 times, each The interval between 7 days and 10 days, the spray should be carried out after 4 pm. To extend stem and leaf functional period and photosynthesis, enhance root absorption capacity, promote dry matter accumulation and increase yield. Seven, timely harvest of peanuts improper harvest, premature harvest of pods is not full, young pods of fruit kernels have been reduced, resulting in reduced yield; harvest too late, fruit pods, pods easily fall off, not easy to harvest also caused a reduction in production. When the leaves of the uppermost fruit branch of the peanut turn yellow, when the night temperature is lower than 10°C, the fruit shell network becomes clear and hard, and the seed kernels are ruddy, before harvesting. Harvested at this time, full of peanuts, fruit pods, fruit pods are not easy to fall off, to ensure high yield and high yield. Source of information: China Specialties News
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