Soilless cultivation is characterized by replacing the soil with an artificially made substrate. The use of a solid matrix by Hunan Forestry Science and Technology Institute has achieved very satisfactory results in soilless cultivation of azaleas. The variety is Xiayi. The soilless cultivation of the crown is compact and has a large amount of flowers. The flower diameter is large and there are few pests and diseases. It not only improves the quality of flowers, but also greatly reduces the heavy physical labor. It is a cultivation method worthy of promotion. 1. Preparation of Substrates Rhizoma Azaleas is very delicate and requires loose matrix to facilitate ventilation and drainage. One part of vermiculite, one part of pearl sand, one part of river sand and one part of coal residue were mixed in proportion. After mixing, the matrix was sterilized with 0.1% carbendazim, and the mixture was evenly mixed in the matrix to cover the plastic film for 1 day. Then rinse it with water several times, dry it, mix it with 0.4% agricultural compound fertilizer solution, cover it with plastic film for one month, and then use it on the basin. 2. Preparation of nutrient solution Rhododendron has relatively strict requirements on fertilizers. In the growing period, thin fat is applied. According to the experiment, mainly agricultural compound fertilizers, supplemented by trace elements, the PH value is controlled at about 5, and spraying low-concentration foliar fertilizers can receive good results. The preparation of a large number of elements: 1 liters of water plus 2 grams of agricultural compound fertilizer, plus 0.5 grams of magnesium sulfate, as the standard solution. Preparation of trace elements: 1 liter of water plus 20 grams of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, 15 grams of ferrous sulfate, 4 grams of manganese sulfate, 6 grams of boric acid, 0.2 grams of zinc sulfate, 0.1 grams of copper sulfate, 0.2 grams of ammonium molybdate as mother liquor . When used, 1 liter of standard solution plus 1 ml of trace element mother liquor is the full amount of element. Formulation of foliar fertilizer: 1 liter of water plus urea 1 gram, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 gram, boric acid 0.02 gram, V.B1 0.1 gram. 3. Water and fertilizer management Due to substrate drainage, good air permeability, but poor water retention, so the amount of watering is generally more than that of soil culture, in order to keep the matrix moist; at this time positive buds, buds sprout, the amount of fertilizer required is larger, About 10 days, pour a full amount of nutrient solution. From March onwards, until the buds break, spraying leaf fertilizer for about 15 days. After flowering, the amount of water needed is large. In addition to watering every day, leaf sprinkling should be performed in the evening. At this point, the amount of fertilizer needed is also large. It can be changed once a week to a nutrient solution, and once sprayed with a foliar fertilizer, the new shoots can be sturdy to facilitate the differentiation of flower buds. After entering the volt, pay attention to keep the substrate moist, and sprinkle water on the foliage, and fertilize the amount of fertilizer can be reduced to about 20 days. After the cool autumn, you can gradually increase the amount of fertilizer, apply a full amount of nutrient solution in about half a month, and spray 1-2 times foliar fertilizer to promote the healthy growth of buds. After the winter, the rhododendrons have weak physiological activities and should not be fertilized. The proper degree of watering of the substrate can be determined by the degree of dryness and wetness of the substrate. During the cultivation process, no pests or diseases have occurred.
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