Australian freshwater lobsters include red-crawfish, crayfish, Cheraxdestructor and C. albiaus. Shrimp four. We introduced the original breeding directly from Australia for the first time in May 1996. At present, we have bred the third generation of shrimp seedlings and conducted outdoor pond culture experiments. A report of the results of aquaculture trials for the past year is now reported.
1. Biological characteristics of Abbey shrimp
1.1 Taxonomic status Abbey shrimp, like crayfish, also belongs to arthropods, crustaceans, decapoda, reptiles, and shrimps;
1.2 Morphological characteristics Subspecies shrimps are larger in size, appear short and thick, and have a slightly flattened abdomen. The dorsal side of the head breastplate and plastron is grayish blue, brown or dark brown, opaque and white in ventral aspect. The head and thorax are clearly separated from the abdomen, and the length ratio is approximately l:l. The abdomen can be curled when females hold eggs. The first step of the chest is particularly well developed. It is called a chelonian limb and its end is enlarged and clamped. It is the main tool for the sub-shrimp to defend against invasion and intrusion, and it is the main tool for self-defense and burrowing. The second and third pairs of step foot are also presented. Clamp shaped but underdeveloped. The fourth. 5 pairs of steps for a single claw. There are 5 pairs of swimming feet in the abdomen.
1.3 Ecological characteristics Abyssinian shrimp has a strong ability to resist drought, shrimp and shrimp can survive for a long time in a humid (anhydrous) environment. Abyssa shrimp is not good at swimming, crawling more in the bottom of the pool, hi hidden in the brick gap. Under water bushes, hi cluster activities, nocturnal, do not like bright light. Abby shrimp has strong burrowing ability. In pond culture, many caves discovered by Abbey shrimp have been found. Each cave has two exits. The bottom of the cave is slightly wider, and one or two of them are often abducted. Shrimp hidden. Abby shrimp survival temperature range of 5 - 35 degrees, easy growth temperature is 13-28 °C, when the water temperature exceeds 13 °C that began feeding, growth and reproduction, water temperature exceeds 30 degrees will inhibit growth, and even lead to death. Has a strong resistance to hypoxia, suitable PH value is neutral to slightly alkaline. Adult shrimp can survive in a body of water with a certain degree of salinity (17% or less).
1.4 The dietary Abyssinian shrimp is omnivorous and can eat plant foods such as vegetables, grains, plant debris, etc. It can also feed on animal feeds such as cockroaches, insect larvae, snails, small fish, shrimp, or other species. Meat and so on. However, it is not easy to feed cattle and mutton (the so-called redmeat). Artificial ponds are cultured to feed pelleted feeds. In addition, Abby shrimps have habits of inter-taste, and young prawns or weak prawns behind clam shells are often attacked by the same type of food and residual food. Residual food is the main reason for the low survival rate of Asian shrimp. I. 5 Growth of subspecies shrimp is limited by the two factors of bait and low temperature. Under appropriate conditions, Abby shrimp grows faster. In April 1997, the author placed 490 shrimps with an average body weight of 0.33 g in a 90-meter-meter experimental pool and raised it to July (82 days in total). 29.75 grams, the largest individual up to 54.9 grams, will grow faster after entering the hot season. According to data reported, Abbey shrimps generally weigh 60-IO0 grams, the largest individual 280 grams. Juvenile shrimp more than 80% of the year up to market sales specifications (60 grams). Each growth of Abbey shrimp is achieved through the growth of the oyster shell, and appendage regeneration can also be achieved through the oyster shell.
2. Abby shrimp breeding habits
2. I Sexual maturity data reported that Abyssinian shrimp 2 was sexually mature. In our experiment, we observed the hatching of seedlings on June 17th, 1996. It grew in the greenhouse (21-24 degrees) until January of 1997. Sexual maturity, hatched in the next three months - generation of seedlings, which shows that at a suitable temperature only 7 months can grow and mature. The individual differences in sexual maturity of Abyssinian shrimp are relatively large. Some female individuals weigh only 10.5 grams, which is a kind of egg-holding behavior, while large individuals reach more than 10 grams. Male and female individuals of the same age were not significantly different.
2.2. Sex identification Shrimp males and females are more easily differentiated in males and females. The male has a foot base at the 5th step - the more pronounced spinous processes are reproductive processes, with gonopore openings. The female gonopore opening is in the third, step foot base, not very obvious, and the base of the fifth pair of step foot is basically smooth, obviously different from the male individual.
2.3 Breeding conditions According to the information, the environmental conditions for the growth of Abbey shrimps are: the daily whitefish time exceeds 14 hours, the water temperature is around 15C; or the fluorescent lamp is continuously irradiated for 16 hours, the water temperature is maintained at about 24C, and the above conditions are satisfied. . In early February of 1997, the author had no more light sources and used natural light to incubate 105 young seedlings in the laboratory water (water temperature was 10-15 qC). This shows that the reproduction conditions of Abby shrimp are not very strict. During breeding, the male to female ratio is better than 3:1 or 4:1.
2.4 Mating and Spawning Behavior During mating, males hold the females with their entire limbs and attach the spermatozoa to the plastron between the 3rd and 5th pairs of females. When the eggs discharged by the females pass through the third to fifth step to the abdomen, the fertilization is completed, and then the fertilized eggs are attached to the bristles of the swimmer's limbs, and the female's abdomen is curled and covers the fertilized eggs. Abyssinian shrimps can lay eggs several times a year, and the minimum interval between spawning times is about 28 days. Dozens of eggs are spawned in small numbers, up to 300-500 pieces. The larger the individual females, the greater the number of eggs laid and the greater the size of the eggs. Abby shrimp eggs oval shape, long diameter 2.0-2. 3 mm, short diameter 1.0-1.7 mm. The color of the newly laid egg is very similar to the color of the mother's body, brown, dark brown, light grayish blue and olive green.
2.5 Embryo development The incubation time of the subspecies of shrimp is mainly related to the temperature. Within a certain range, the higher the temperature, the faster the incubation, and the incubation time is about several weeks to three months. In the experiment we observed that the incubation time was 11 days at 28-29C. During normal hatching, the normal fertilized eggs will gradually change from the original brown, grayish blue, etc. to red grape color, and can observe eye points or heartbeats. Unfertilized eggs or abnormally developed eggs. During hatching, the color gradually becomes lighter. The whole egg is immersed and swollen. The surface of the egg is immersed in the attachment and eventually falls off the mother. The newly hatched juvenile shrimp looks like a shrimp and has a long body. About 0.5-0.7 cm, the prominent chela limbs are pink, and red veins are visible on the head, chest, and abdomen. After hatching, the juveniles do not leave the mother immediately. Even if they leave the mother's body at times, they will quickly return to the mother's swimming limbs when they are in fear. This kind of love may be related to some kind of information substance, and the juvenile hatches. The first shelling takes place about two weeks, at which point the larvae gradually leave the mother. After nurturing the larvae for a period of time, the larvae can be put in ponds for breeding
3. Asia shrimp pond farming
3.1 Pond conditions The pond address should be selected where it is sheltered from the wind, sunny, easy to keep warm, close to the water source, and convenient for water supply and drainage. This is because Abbey shrimps are greatly affected by temperature. Under normal circumstances, the temperature is higher. The faster the growth. At the same time, it should also try to keep away from the environment where pesticides or other harmful components may cause pollution, such as vegetable gardens and orchards that are often sprayed with pesticides. The size of the pond can be adapted to local conditions, generally about 0.25 hectares, with a narrow and long pond, and the pond wall can be hardened.
3.2 Preparation before laying seedlings Before the seedlings are released, the ponds must be sterilized, and the harmful organisms such as wild fish in the bottom of the pond should be removed. The clear pond time is in the middle and late March. After clear ponds, concealed objects should be placed in the bottom of the pool, such as waste tires, waste asbestos tiles, and other easily-cleared materials, which provide hiding places for shrimp oysters and reduce the residual rate. Underground water in the pond can be used for underground water or water sources such as rivers, lakes, reservoirs, etc. Water with a certain hardness is more suitable for the growth of Abbey shrimp. When entering the water, add a strainer (such as 80 mesh nylon wind pocket) to the inlet to remove predators from wild fish such as fish eggs and small fry. The first time the water is about 0.5 meters, shallow water level is conducive to rapid increase in water temperature. After entering the water, fertilizer ponds should be cultivated for water quality, generally 0. O667 hectares is 1 mu of 75-lO0 kg of fermented chicken or pig manure. Ten to 15 days after the fertilizer was released.
3.3 Seedlings of the seedlings are planted according to the water temperature. Generally, when the water temperature reaches 13C or more in April, the seedlings can be cast. The number of seedlings to be planted was about 3 to 4 cm per hectare. Transporting seeds can be transported dry or in inflatable plastic bags. When the seedlings are cast, the seedlings should gradually adapt to the pond water temperature within half an hour in advance so that the difference in the environment before and after the seedlings are placed cannot exceed 2C.
3.4 Feeding Management According to the omnivorous characteristics of Abyssin shrimp, daily feeding is mainly composed of pelleted feeds, supplemented with fresh live feeds, such as minced snails and wild fish, and can also be fed with small amounts of vegetables. The daily feeding amount accounts for 5%-8% of the shrimp body weight. The general principle is that it is a small number of multiple times. It will be less in the daytime and more in the evening. The amount of night feeding will account for 70% of the whole day. Usually should try to avoid the existence of residual bait, in order to facilitate grasping the amount of feeding, you can put a small plate in the water, and put some food in the dish, check the remaining condition of the bait before feeding again, such as the remaining bait more You can postpone feeding and reduce the amount of feeding. If there is no remaining food in the dish, it can be appropriately increased. It is better to have a slight surplus in the dish at the time of the next feeding. Pay attention to spoiled food corruption.
3.5 Water Quality Management During the aquaculture process, as the temperature rises continuously, it is necessary to continuously increase the water level to approximately 10 to 1.2 meters. At the same time, attention must be paid to adding 1/5 to l/3 every 1 week. New water, so that the water temperature as much as possible controlled between 2O-28cC, transparency below 30 cm, the lower transparency can prevent Abby shrimp mutual residual food, to ensure a higher survival rate. In addition, in the breeding process can also be additional fertilizer in the water body, generally every half a month to apply 4 kg of calcium phosphate per hectare, this can cultivate the natural food organisms in the water body, maintain the balance of calcium and phosphorus in the water, provide good for the growth of Abbey shrimp surroundings.
3.6 Fishing and transportation After 6 months of cultivation, most of the Abbey shrimps have reached the sales specifications. When the water temperature drops below 13C (in January), harvesting can begin. During the fishing, the pool water should be drained as soon as possible. Otherwise, if the lower water level is maintained for a long time, it will cause the Abbey shrimp to dig a lot and hide, which will cause difficulty in fishing. In addition, nets can also be used for fishing. However, this method is not suitable for ponds with irregular bottoms. It is not easy to catch shrimp and it is also easy to cause many shrimp injuries. As Abyss prawns have better drought resistance, they can be transported by dry method. When transported, they can be placed in bamboo baskets or plastic foam packaging boxes to hold water-retaining sponges, to insulate shrimps from straw or aquatic plants, and then add ice cubes or Bags of ice kings sold in stores are generally transportable for more than 60 hours and still have about 90% survival rate.
1. Biological characteristics of Abbey shrimp
1.1 Taxonomic status Abbey shrimp, like crayfish, also belongs to arthropods, crustaceans, decapoda, reptiles, and shrimps;
1.2 Morphological characteristics Subspecies shrimps are larger in size, appear short and thick, and have a slightly flattened abdomen. The dorsal side of the head breastplate and plastron is grayish blue, brown or dark brown, opaque and white in ventral aspect. The head and thorax are clearly separated from the abdomen, and the length ratio is approximately l:l. The abdomen can be curled when females hold eggs. The first step of the chest is particularly well developed. It is called a chelonian limb and its end is enlarged and clamped. It is the main tool for the sub-shrimp to defend against invasion and intrusion, and it is the main tool for self-defense and burrowing. The second and third pairs of step foot are also presented. Clamp shaped but underdeveloped. The fourth. 5 pairs of steps for a single claw. There are 5 pairs of swimming feet in the abdomen.
1.3 Ecological characteristics Abyssinian shrimp has a strong ability to resist drought, shrimp and shrimp can survive for a long time in a humid (anhydrous) environment. Abyssa shrimp is not good at swimming, crawling more in the bottom of the pool, hi hidden in the brick gap. Under water bushes, hi cluster activities, nocturnal, do not like bright light. Abby shrimp has strong burrowing ability. In pond culture, many caves discovered by Abbey shrimp have been found. Each cave has two exits. The bottom of the cave is slightly wider, and one or two of them are often abducted. Shrimp hidden. Abby shrimp survival temperature range of 5 - 35 degrees, easy growth temperature is 13-28 °C, when the water temperature exceeds 13 °C that began feeding, growth and reproduction, water temperature exceeds 30 degrees will inhibit growth, and even lead to death. Has a strong resistance to hypoxia, suitable PH value is neutral to slightly alkaline. Adult shrimp can survive in a body of water with a certain degree of salinity (17% or less).
1.4 The dietary Abyssinian shrimp is omnivorous and can eat plant foods such as vegetables, grains, plant debris, etc. It can also feed on animal feeds such as cockroaches, insect larvae, snails, small fish, shrimp, or other species. Meat and so on. However, it is not easy to feed cattle and mutton (the so-called redmeat). Artificial ponds are cultured to feed pelleted feeds. In addition, Abby shrimps have habits of inter-taste, and young prawns or weak prawns behind clam shells are often attacked by the same type of food and residual food. Residual food is the main reason for the low survival rate of Asian shrimp. I. 5 Growth of subspecies shrimp is limited by the two factors of bait and low temperature. Under appropriate conditions, Abby shrimp grows faster. In April 1997, the author placed 490 shrimps with an average body weight of 0.33 g in a 90-meter-meter experimental pool and raised it to July (82 days in total). 29.75 grams, the largest individual up to 54.9 grams, will grow faster after entering the hot season. According to data reported, Abbey shrimps generally weigh 60-IO0 grams, the largest individual 280 grams. Juvenile shrimp more than 80% of the year up to market sales specifications (60 grams). Each growth of Abbey shrimp is achieved through the growth of the oyster shell, and appendage regeneration can also be achieved through the oyster shell.
2. Abby shrimp breeding habits
2. I Sexual maturity data reported that Abyssinian shrimp 2 was sexually mature. In our experiment, we observed the hatching of seedlings on June 17th, 1996. It grew in the greenhouse (21-24 degrees) until January of 1997. Sexual maturity, hatched in the next three months - generation of seedlings, which shows that at a suitable temperature only 7 months can grow and mature. The individual differences in sexual maturity of Abyssinian shrimp are relatively large. Some female individuals weigh only 10.5 grams, which is a kind of egg-holding behavior, while large individuals reach more than 10 grams. Male and female individuals of the same age were not significantly different.
2.2. Sex identification Shrimp males and females are more easily differentiated in males and females. The male has a foot base at the 5th step - the more pronounced spinous processes are reproductive processes, with gonopore openings. The female gonopore opening is in the third, step foot base, not very obvious, and the base of the fifth pair of step foot is basically smooth, obviously different from the male individual.
2.3 Breeding conditions According to the information, the environmental conditions for the growth of Abbey shrimps are: the daily whitefish time exceeds 14 hours, the water temperature is around 15C; or the fluorescent lamp is continuously irradiated for 16 hours, the water temperature is maintained at about 24C, and the above conditions are satisfied. . In early February of 1997, the author had no more light sources and used natural light to incubate 105 young seedlings in the laboratory water (water temperature was 10-15 qC). This shows that the reproduction conditions of Abby shrimp are not very strict. During breeding, the male to female ratio is better than 3:1 or 4:1.
2.4 Mating and Spawning Behavior During mating, males hold the females with their entire limbs and attach the spermatozoa to the plastron between the 3rd and 5th pairs of females. When the eggs discharged by the females pass through the third to fifth step to the abdomen, the fertilization is completed, and then the fertilized eggs are attached to the bristles of the swimmer's limbs, and the female's abdomen is curled and covers the fertilized eggs. Abyssinian shrimps can lay eggs several times a year, and the minimum interval between spawning times is about 28 days. Dozens of eggs are spawned in small numbers, up to 300-500 pieces. The larger the individual females, the greater the number of eggs laid and the greater the size of the eggs. Abby shrimp eggs oval shape, long diameter 2.0-2. 3 mm, short diameter 1.0-1.7 mm. The color of the newly laid egg is very similar to the color of the mother's body, brown, dark brown, light grayish blue and olive green.
2.5 Embryo development The incubation time of the subspecies of shrimp is mainly related to the temperature. Within a certain range, the higher the temperature, the faster the incubation, and the incubation time is about several weeks to three months. In the experiment we observed that the incubation time was 11 days at 28-29C. During normal hatching, the normal fertilized eggs will gradually change from the original brown, grayish blue, etc. to red grape color, and can observe eye points or heartbeats. Unfertilized eggs or abnormally developed eggs. During hatching, the color gradually becomes lighter. The whole egg is immersed and swollen. The surface of the egg is immersed in the attachment and eventually falls off the mother. The newly hatched juvenile shrimp looks like a shrimp and has a long body. About 0.5-0.7 cm, the prominent chela limbs are pink, and red veins are visible on the head, chest, and abdomen. After hatching, the juveniles do not leave the mother immediately. Even if they leave the mother's body at times, they will quickly return to the mother's swimming limbs when they are in fear. This kind of love may be related to some kind of information substance, and the juvenile hatches. The first shelling takes place about two weeks, at which point the larvae gradually leave the mother. After nurturing the larvae for a period of time, the larvae can be put in ponds for breeding
3. Asia shrimp pond farming
3.1 Pond conditions The pond address should be selected where it is sheltered from the wind, sunny, easy to keep warm, close to the water source, and convenient for water supply and drainage. This is because Abbey shrimps are greatly affected by temperature. Under normal circumstances, the temperature is higher. The faster the growth. At the same time, it should also try to keep away from the environment where pesticides or other harmful components may cause pollution, such as vegetable gardens and orchards that are often sprayed with pesticides. The size of the pond can be adapted to local conditions, generally about 0.25 hectares, with a narrow and long pond, and the pond wall can be hardened.
3.2 Preparation before laying seedlings Before the seedlings are released, the ponds must be sterilized, and the harmful organisms such as wild fish in the bottom of the pond should be removed. The clear pond time is in the middle and late March. After clear ponds, concealed objects should be placed in the bottom of the pool, such as waste tires, waste asbestos tiles, and other easily-cleared materials, which provide hiding places for shrimp oysters and reduce the residual rate. Underground water in the pond can be used for underground water or water sources such as rivers, lakes, reservoirs, etc. Water with a certain hardness is more suitable for the growth of Abbey shrimp. When entering the water, add a strainer (such as 80 mesh nylon wind pocket) to the inlet to remove predators from wild fish such as fish eggs and small fry. The first time the water is about 0.5 meters, shallow water level is conducive to rapid increase in water temperature. After entering the water, fertilizer ponds should be cultivated for water quality, generally 0. O667 hectares is 1 mu of 75-lO0 kg of fermented chicken or pig manure. Ten to 15 days after the fertilizer was released.
3.3 Seedlings of the seedlings are planted according to the water temperature. Generally, when the water temperature reaches 13C or more in April, the seedlings can be cast. The number of seedlings to be planted was about 3 to 4 cm per hectare. Transporting seeds can be transported dry or in inflatable plastic bags. When the seedlings are cast, the seedlings should gradually adapt to the pond water temperature within half an hour in advance so that the difference in the environment before and after the seedlings are placed cannot exceed 2C.
3.4 Feeding Management According to the omnivorous characteristics of Abyssin shrimp, daily feeding is mainly composed of pelleted feeds, supplemented with fresh live feeds, such as minced snails and wild fish, and can also be fed with small amounts of vegetables. The daily feeding amount accounts for 5%-8% of the shrimp body weight. The general principle is that it is a small number of multiple times. It will be less in the daytime and more in the evening. The amount of night feeding will account for 70% of the whole day. Usually should try to avoid the existence of residual bait, in order to facilitate grasping the amount of feeding, you can put a small plate in the water, and put some food in the dish, check the remaining condition of the bait before feeding again, such as the remaining bait more You can postpone feeding and reduce the amount of feeding. If there is no remaining food in the dish, it can be appropriately increased. It is better to have a slight surplus in the dish at the time of the next feeding. Pay attention to spoiled food corruption.
3.5 Water Quality Management During the aquaculture process, as the temperature rises continuously, it is necessary to continuously increase the water level to approximately 10 to 1.2 meters. At the same time, attention must be paid to adding 1/5 to l/3 every 1 week. New water, so that the water temperature as much as possible controlled between 2O-28cC, transparency below 30 cm, the lower transparency can prevent Abby shrimp mutual residual food, to ensure a higher survival rate. In addition, in the breeding process can also be additional fertilizer in the water body, generally every half a month to apply 4 kg of calcium phosphate per hectare, this can cultivate the natural food organisms in the water body, maintain the balance of calcium and phosphorus in the water, provide good for the growth of Abbey shrimp surroundings.
3.6 Fishing and transportation After 6 months of cultivation, most of the Abbey shrimps have reached the sales specifications. When the water temperature drops below 13C (in January), harvesting can begin. During the fishing, the pool water should be drained as soon as possible. Otherwise, if the lower water level is maintained for a long time, it will cause the Abbey shrimp to dig a lot and hide, which will cause difficulty in fishing. In addition, nets can also be used for fishing. However, this method is not suitable for ponds with irregular bottoms. It is not easy to catch shrimp and it is also easy to cause many shrimp injuries. As Abyss prawns have better drought resistance, they can be transported by dry method. When transported, they can be placed in bamboo baskets or plastic foam packaging boxes to hold water-retaining sponges, to insulate shrimps from straw or aquatic plants, and then add ice cubes or Bags of ice kings sold in stores are generally transportable for more than 60 hours and still have about 90% survival rate.
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