Key points of small-scale reservoir fish farming

First, the basic conditions

(1) Qingji: Small reservoirs are mostly built in hilly areas, flooding many ravines and farmland on hillside. For cheap farming management and fishing operations, the stumps and obstacles at the bottom of the reservoir should be removed at the time of new construction, and reservoirs that are not cleaned should be built. In order to better develop high-yield fish culture, digging minds can be taken during drought or drowning seasons. The method clears and divides.
(b) Disinfection and detoxification: Normal reservoirs have not been disinfected. However, long-term fish farming, organic matter deposition, and thickening of fertilizer mud will all affect the effectiveness of fish farming. For this reason, a certain amount of lime is put into the water for disinfection at the appropriate time to kill parasites or fish predators. At the same time, it has a positive effect on changing the reservoir water quality. There is a certain amount of ferocious fish in small reservoirs, so as not to affect the survival rate of the species, the larger the size of the fish to be put in reservoirs with ferocious fish, the better.
(III) Construction of fish fry cultivation ponds Reservoirs should be planned for construction of fish fry cultivation ponds during the construction of new fish ponds. Generally, the surface of 100 mu of reservoir fish culture should be supported with a fish pond of 5-7 mu, with a water depth of 1.5-2 meters and an area of â€‹â€‹1-2 mu. It is also possible to cultivate fingerlings in the shallow water area or in the bay, or in fish cages, in order to adapt to the needs of multi-species breeding of reservoirs.
(IV) Construction of anti-escape facilities The construction of anti-escape facilities for reservoirs is closely related to the level of fish production in reservoirs. The effectiveness of anti-escaping is directly related to the safety of catches. The construction of anti-escape facilities is divided into two types: net fences and fences. Most of the reservoirs use net fences and have large safety factors. It is unnecessary for the flood discharge to be minimal or in general to prevent the escape of the flood storage equipment. In the net column, the web of 2 cm was used to make webs of webs. On both sides of the river from a certain distance from the spillway (generally controlling the maximum flow rate at 0.7 meters per second), the upper web was bolted and fixed to the water surface. 0.5 meters of rope or floating on the surface of the float on the surface of the water (the upper part of the joint patchwork a cover net, so that the cover net floating on the upper reaches of the water) under the program with iron anchor, cement or stone fixed to the bottom. On both sides of the river, cement piles are used to fix net ropes. Fences are often made of bamboo, wood and steel. The reservoirs with shallow water flow can be set directly at the spillway crossing; reservoirs with large spillage and relatively rapid water flow should leave the spillway and be set into arcs.

Second, fish species and proportion

The release of fingerlings is one of the important measures for the high yield and stable production of fish in the reservoir, and it is also the key to the reservoir fish culture technology.
(1) The proportion of the species to be placed is determined according to the biological composition of the water body of the reservoir and the feeding and management methods.
1. Feishui Reservoir Type: Refers to the natural water body fertilizer, artificial manure and chemical fertilizer, and the ratio of stocking species such as squid cages in reservoirs is mainly filter-feeding fish, followed by food-eating fish. Carp accounts for about 90%, and grass and carp account for about 10%. If the water quality is particularly fat, the water color is mung bean color, the carp can account for 60-80% of the total amount, and the carp can account for 20-30%. Grass carp, squid, etc. may account for about 10%; if the water color is dark brown, wolfberry may account for 25-35%, pupa accounting for 45-55%, eating grass carp, etc. account for 15-20%, pure chemical fertilizer reservoir, should be the owner. The main body, wolfberry can account for 75-85%, wolfberry can account for 10-15%, grass carp and other 5-10%, the main application of organic fertilizer or cage culture of the reservoir, should increase the proportion of wolfberry.
2. Thin water reservoir type refers to small (two) type reservoirs with no fertilizer input, cheap fodder, and quiet social environment. The main grass carp can be used or the carp cage can be raised. When raising grass carp, the percentage of grass carp accounts for 40% to 50%, carp accounts for 25 to 35%, and carp accounts for 15 to 20%. When using cages to raise fish, they can put 15 to 20 boxes on 100 mu of water. (5*5) The main body of the reservoir is the carp, followed by the grass carp. The carp may account for 45â€“55%, the carp may account for 25â€“35%, and the grass carp may account for 15â€“20%.
(2) Specification of species and density of fingerlings The principle of fingerling specifi- cation is to protect against ferocious fish hunting and to adapt to the growth of fish and the biological basis of bait; the input density of fingerlings needs to consider the rearing and management level, and the specification and sale of fingerlings. Commercial fish specifications.
Fish species specifications are generally more than 10 cm, oyster grass is best in the 50g / tail, flower larvae 35g / tail or more individual best, which depends on the source of fish and production costs may be, in general, fish species should Big should not be small.
The stocking density of the species of fish is 250-500 mu, and the individual of the aquatic product is more than 0.5 kg. The stocking densities are determined according to the size of the reservoir water, the biological basis of the diet, the number of ferocious fish, the size of the fish species, and the level of feeding and management (the thinning of the water in the water reservoir).

Third, feeding and management

Feeding and management work is the key to obtaining high yield and stable yield of small-scale reservoirs. The level of technology for raising and management is directly related to the reservoir fish production and economic benefits.
(I) Sources of fish bait Sources of fish feeds and nutrients can be broadly divided into two categories. The first is natural foods. The crops are used to fertilize the crops in the reservoirs, and the reservoirâ€™s own crops (including crops in the rain catchment areas) are organic, including humans. Animals) The organic matter left behind by activities enters the reservoir water body and turns into nutrients. The second is artificial intention to put manure, food and other organic matter into the reservoir. Natural sources of feed are limited, and artificial feed can be artificially and scientifically invested, so as to continuously increase the productivity of fish in reservoir water and achieve a virtuous cycle of organic matter.
1. Characteristics of Organic Fertilizer Organic Fertilizer Organic fertilizer is a generic name for manure, livestock, poultry feces, and green manure. Its nutrients are more comprehensive and its fertilizer effect is slower and longer lasting. However, the decomposition of manure has a large amount of oxygen, and it is easy for fish to compete with oxygen for dead fish accidents. Therefore, organic fertilizer should be applied less frequently.
ã€”1ã€• Time and amount of fertilization: Fermenting people, livestock, and poultry manure into the whole reservoir. Sprinkle evenly. May-September can fertilize a lot, July-September peak fertilization, and every 10-15 days. Mushi 300-500 kilograms, to maintain the transparency of the water in about 40 cm is appropriate, the amount should be based on the growth of fish, water, weather and flexible control.
2, comprehensive breeding to solve the source of green manure (1) fish and duck raising: the use of reservoir water duck, duck manure fish. According to relevant information, a duck can excrete 9 kilograms a year, which means it can increase 1 kg of fresh fish.
(2) Fish livestock and poultry breeding: The use of manure and water to fish, to solve the source of fertilizer, reduce environmental pollution, line up production of fish, pigs, chickens, raise rabbits three-dimensional production.
(3) Introduce farm sewage, biogas water, and by-products such as processing by-products of agricultural and sideline products, etc. to promote fishery production and development.
(4) Raising cages to raise fish, using cages to raise fishy feces and residual bait water to raise fish.
(5) Plant grass, plant crops, and use green manure to fish in open areas around the reservoir.
3, feeding artificial bait: including particles and powder residual food. Grain-feeding fish culture is a current development trend, and it is a promising high-intensity farming fishery, and grain-feeding fish production and benefits will multiply exponentially.
4. The combination of feeding and fertilization This is based on local resources, feeding and fertilizing simultaneously, convenient sources of feed, good investor benefits, and suitable feeding methods for feeding and filter-feeding fish, each with a large proportion of stocking water.
(2) The incidence of fish disease in fish disease prevention and control reservoirs is low. If fish diseases occur in reservoirs such as cages and intensive cultures, it is necessary to strengthen prevention and treatment. The principle is to prevent over-regulation.
(iii) Anti-escape and anti-theft measures to keep fish facilities in the flood period, especially from June to September, the management and guarding of anti-escape facilities should be strengthened. To prevent fish from fleeing through the net, guards should be set up to guard against theft at night. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen relations with the people in the reservoir area and publicize fishery laws and regulations to create a good fishery environment.

Fourth, fishing

Small reservoirs generally adopt seasonal fishing combined with year-end concentrated fishing, and are harvested in small amounts from March to August. From August to October, fishing is increased, and fishing is conducted from November to January. Fishing nets should be limited to 8 cm. Individuals weighing 0.5 kg or more of carp, 0.4 kg or more of carp, or more than 1 kg of carp should be used.