The carnation is an alias of carnation, and the Chinese carnation is a perennial herb of the genus Dianthus. The flower is beautiful and fragrant and has a long flowering period. It is an important cut flower plant in the world.
, widely cultivated in countries all over the world. In China, with the development of the national economy and the improvement of people’s living standards, carnations have gradually become the main producers of cut flowers.
One of the varieties to be. In order to develop this flower variety and further improve the quality of its fresh cut flowers, an introduction is made to the breeding and breeding of carnations.
First, the classification of carnations Carnations have a variety of classification methods. According to color and habits can be divided into 3:
(1) Red varieties: The colors are red, pink and mixed colors.
(2) Purple varieties: purple flowers.
(3) flesh color varieties: agate color, light yellow, yellow and so on. According to the flower size and number of flower stems can be divided into large flowers and carnations Dianthus branches two categories.
Second, the carnation's requirements for environmental conditions
1, lighting conditions. Carnation is a Chinese sunshine plant and it is sunny. In addition to nursery and flowering stages, there is no need to worry about strong light, and with the help of auxiliary light
It can increase the diameter of the corolla and the vividness of the flowers. There is a significant positive correlation between light intensity and cut yield per unit area.
2, temperature conditions. Carnations are cool, not hot, and can tolerate a certain degree of low temperature. If the summer temperature is higher than 35°C and winter is lower than 9°C, growth occurs.
All are very slow or even stop. During the summer high temperature period, appropriate cooling measures should be taken. In winter, plastic film or greenhouses need to be installed to maintain proper temperature.
degree.
3, moisture conditions. Carnation roots are fibrous roots, soil or medium long-term accumulation of water or humidity is too high, the surface temperature of the blade is long-term, are not conducive to its normal
Growth and development. Therefore, drip irrigation is advocated. In addition, attention should be paid to water quality and salt content in water.
4, soil conditions. Carnations are good for soils with good fertilizer, ventilation, and drainage, of which heavy loam is preferred. Soil pH suitable for its growth is
5.6--6.4. From some soil analysis experiments showed that the pH value in the range of 5.95-7.9, soil organic matter content has no significant effect on flowering, mainly determined by
Soil texture.
Third, carnation cutting propagation method Carnation breeding is divided into vegetative and sexual reproduction two. Sexual reproduction often results in low seeding rates, large variability in seed progeny, and slow seedling growth.
, so use less in production. A large number of vegetative reproductions are used in production, the main one being cutting propagation, which has the advantages of rich cuttings, stable traits, and effective results.
fast.
1. The establishment of the mother garden of the ear cutting. Practice has proved that the conditions that must be possessed by the mother plant to harvest the corn are: the relative age of the plant is young, the flowering traits are good, and the incidence index is
Zero, the position of the panicle should be strictly controlled above the sixth node. Therefore, it is very necessary and crucial to establish a dedicated mining mother garden.
An indispensable link in the production process of the generation of carnation seedlings. It is not only the prerequisite for the formation of high-quality seedlings, but also the basis for large-scale seedlings throughout the year.
The mother plant of the ear-sprouting mother garden must be a tissue culture seedling. The key to the cultivation and management of the female parent garden is to strengthen the soil disinfection, promote the rotation, and ensure the application of base fertilizer.
There must be rain and shade measures, and drip irrigation should be promoted to prevent and control pests and diseases.
2, cutting techniques (1) the choice of cuttings. Select pest-free, robustly growing, closely internode plants with 3-–4 pairs of unfolded leaves, 1 pair of unfolded leaves, and group cuttings
With flower bud rate less than 10%.
(2) Cutting time. Should generally avoid hot summer season from July to August, requiring good quality of cuttings, using larger particles of perlite as the cutting parent material.
Good, cutting bed for desktop.
(3) Cutting and cutting. The cuttings are generally taken at the same time as the budding of the carnations. Cuttings should be carried out according to the standard.
Shoots without scissors to prevent cross-infection of the virus. The base should be slightly stripped of the main cortex, but it will not damage the mother branch and retain the top leaf of the cutting blade (4--5 pieces).
Removal. After finishing the bundles, immerse in clean water for 30 minutes so that the cuttings suck enough water. The section should be close to the section and treated with growth regulators in order to increase survival
Rate and exit rate. When inserting a piece of media, 1 cm is preferable. Insert deep into the summer, usually 1.5-2 cm. After the cutting is completed, the water should be sprayed. The control should not be overdone.
Wet, so as not to rot the roots.
(4) Storage of cuttings. Storage cuttings can provide great convenience for nursery throughout the year and balanced flowering throughout the year, as well as batch operations at one time.
Provincial manpower and material resources. Storage requirements: temperature 1 - 2 °C, and the smaller the better, preferably within 1 °C; slightly dehydration before storage; cutting application thin
Plastic film packaging.
(5) Cutting management. The slotting machine should have intermittent spray facilities, and the amount of spray should be controlled so that the blades are just wet. If no spray measures, plastic film is needed, after 1 week
Use curtains, but do not shave them too much to prevent leggy. When the cuttings were 1 cm in length, they were transplanted, taking care to minimize root damage.
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