First, biological characteristics. The long-rooted mushroom is also known as the long-rooted small oyster mushroom, the dew chicken, the mushroom mushroom, and the long-rooted auricula. The cap is delicate and has a fresh and sweet flavour. The root mushroom is a kind of wood rot fungus, and there is no strict requirement on the ratio of carbon to nitrogen. The optimum growth temperature of mycelium and fruit body is 22-27°C. The root mushroom requires air humidity of about 70% during the culture period and 85%-95% growth period. It is basically insensitive to light and can grow normally in the range of 30-500 lux. The ventilation of long-rooted mushrooms is generally 50-300 cubic meters per hour, and the pH is preferably 5.5-7.3.
Second, cultivation technology
1, recipes. The female parent is PDA medium. The culture medium of the original species is: 5% cotton seed hull, 60% broadleaf wood chips, 33% wheat husk, 1% sugar and calcium carbonate, and 55% water content. The formulation of the cultivation bag is: cottonseed hull 35%, wheat husk 25%, broadleaf wood chips 38%, sugar and calcium carbonate 1% each, and water content 68%.
2, the season. The high-temperature variety of the genus Agaricus is generally used in April-November (in the weather conditions in Sanming, Fujian Province). Its maturation cycle generally requires a temperature of 60 days or more. In fact, inoculation of longan mushrooms is generally arranged in late autumn and early winter. This arrangement has three advantages: First, it can increase yields; second, it can raise mushrooms earlier (it can produce mushrooms at lower temperatures); third, because the climate is more suitable for mycelium growth at the same time, the temperature of bacteria can be suitable. Greatly reduce the pollution rate.
3, bag. First, the cottonseed husks are pre-wetted to a moisture content of about 75%, and the sucrose is then dissolved in a barrel of water. Pre-wet cottonseed husks should be placed in the summer with 1% lime. The pre-moistened cottonseed husks should not be piled up and can only be spread out so as to avoid acid. The next day, according to the formula, pre-wet cottonseed husks, sawdust, wheat husks, The sugar water and calcium carbonate were mixed and stirred, and the water content was adjusted to 68%. The 1733 polyethylene plastic bag is used for bag making. The loading should be pressed to a height of 15 cm, and the dry weight is about 0.4-0.45 kg. A hole with a diameter of about 1.5 to 2 cm must be drilled in the middle of the material to facilitate the inoculation of strains into the hole, so that the mycelium can be eaten earlier, thereby shortening the period of cultivation and reducing pollution.
4, cultivation and management. After cultured at room temperature 22-27°C for 60 days, the aerial mycelium of the general bag material surface turns brown, which is a sign of physiological maturity of the bag. If it is found that the surface of the bag has leathery bacilli, it is the hyphae that encounters high temperatures during the culture period to produce yellow water, which is formed by long-term soaking of mycelium in yellow water. The leathery skin should be peeled off when opening the bag. Before opening the bag, the garden soil with good air permeability should be sun dried and dried. In the case of vegetable garden soil that has been in a humid state for a long time, it should be dried first and then sprayed with 0.5 ‰ formaldehyde solution. After mixing, it should be stuffed with plastic cloth for a day. Then open the plastic cloth and spread the vegetable garden soil to eliminate the odor. After the preparation work is done, select the mature mushroom bag with long-lasting root, remove the tampon sleeve, and open the bag mouth, fold it into the edge 3-4 cm higher than the material surface, and then put the sun The vegetable garden soil was slightly moistened and covered in a length of about 1-2 cm on the surface of the root tuber fungus bag, and then the cover soil was turned into wet soil with a moisture content of about 65%. Finally, in the plastic bag close to the material surface, cut 2-3 water seeps on different sides to prevent water accumulation in the bag. The open bacteria bag is discharged on the floor or shelf. Because of the hot summer, the distance between the bag and the bag is preferably 2 centimeters. During the period of budding, in order to maintain the humidity of the cover soil, it is necessary to spray water and spray light water. To prevent mud is too wet or caking. When the temperature is suitable, buds can be budded in about 15-30 days. During the growth of fruit bodies, the water spray should be “dry and wet and wetâ€, because long-term high-moisture wet flies and roundworms are easy to breed, and insects can be easily dragged. It is naturally not conducive to the growth of fruit bodies. In addition, spray water should also be sprayed with water to prevent soil from splashing on the fruit body and affecting the value of the product. When picking, grasp the 6-point mature cap, can not allow the flattening of the cap can only be rolled inside, which is conducive to packing consignment. When picking, care should be taken to keep the soil from sticking to fruiting bodies. After picking up one or two batches of bags of vegetable garden soil, it is necessary to make up the soil in time.
5. At present, the cultivation of long-rooted mushrooms is more popular for the cultivation of human defense tunnels. This cultivation method generally does not need to cover the soil (other cultivation techniques with the cover soil cultivation). Air defense inside the tunnel is not well ventilated, high humidity, such long-growing root mushroom is light in color, not easy to open the umbrella, slightly dry after picking, not only good preservation, non-stick soil, not easy to break the cap, and beautiful, very goods value.
Third, pest and disease control. The diseases of Capra tuber are mainly bacteria, mucilage and Trichoderma in fungus. Bacteria are mainly related to the accumulation of stagnant water in the bag and the untreated soil. Myxomycetes are mainly caused by long-term high-humidity conditions. They can be controlled by frequent ventilation and dryness, or sprayed with an ash solution at the infection site; Trichoderma is under the condition of weak mycelial vigor. When the cover soil occurs, the mycelium and cover soil can cause the infection of Trichoderma when the viable mycelium is weak. Therefore, pay attention to the temperature during the cultivation period after the inoculation of Agaricus, and ensure that the bag is opened before the hyphae are not aged.
The pests of the root mushroom are mainly aphids and mushrooms. Its pests mainly rely on integrated control. First of all, pay attention to environmental sanitation. Spray insecticide or lime on the ground before discharging bags. Pay attention to the source of insects around the partition during the cultivation process. When a rotten mushroom is found, it should be promptly cleaned up. When the larva and mushroom fly have to be sprayed separately, they must be sprayed separately. The pesticides such as peony and cypermethrin have a low residual amount.
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