Symptoms are called soybean root nematode disease, chlorosis disease. Commonly referred to as "fire dragon". Seedlings infected with the seedlings of Kyrgyzstan and true leaves turn yellow and fertility stagnates. The plants were short, the flower buds were born, and the internodes shortened. The flowering period was delayed. There was no scarring or scarring, and the leaves were yellow. Severely diseased flowers and tender borer withered, the whole plant leaves yellow from the bottom upwards like a fire. Root disease was bulged or ruptured on the side of the main root of the parasite, exposing white cysts, such as flour cysts, with little or no root damage, as the cysts break the root bark, and the root fluid extravasates, causing secondary soil transmission. Root diseases worsen or cause root rot.
The pathogen Heterodera glycines Ichinohe called soybean cyst nematode, a nematode nematode. Male and female imago and heterosexual skin. The female adult is lemon-shaped, and it turns yellowish-brown after being white and has a size of 0.85-0.51mm. There are irregularly arranged short-toothed patterns on the walls, with distinct vulva cones. The vulva septum is half-membrane type on both sides, with well-developed inferior and vesicular processes. Male adults were linear in shape, and the membranous mass was transparent. The tail was bent slightly to the ventral side and the average body length was 1.24 mm. The egg is oval in shape, slightly concave on one side, and the skin is transparent, with a size of 108.245.7 (μm). The larvae develop in eggs and develop into second-instar larvae. The second-instar larvae are ovate and blunt. The third-instar larvae are sausage-shaped and the genitals begin to develop. Male and female are identifiable. The fourth instar larvae develop in the old skin of the third instar larvae and do not remove the outer shell of the molt.
Transmission and Incidence The nematode is a type of settled endoparasitic nematode. It uses 2nd-instar larvae to move through the soil and seeks root penetration. The nematode parasitic leguminous, Scrophulariaceae more than 170 species of plants, some invasive, but not in the root development. Cysticercus nematophila eggs, embryonic eggs and a small number of larvae in the cysts in the soil in the winter, and some adhere to the seeds or farm tools overwintering, becoming the source of early invasive pests, cysts thick layer of keratinocytes, can survive in the soil 10 More than a year. The cyst nematode's own peristaltic distance is limited. It is mainly propagated through farming, field water flow, or wind transport. It can also be mixed with unripe compost or seeds to carry long-distance transmission. After the wintering of the eggs, the second-instar larvae broke into the soil, and they invaded the roots of the soybean seedlings. They were parasitized in the cortex of the roots and sucked with the needles, and the insects were exposed outside. Males die after mating. Females form eggs in the body and become enlarged into cysts. The cysts fall into the soil and the eggs hatch again. Second-instar nematodes can only invade young roots. Falling temperatures in the fall, the eggs no longer hatch, and the eggs overwinter in the cysts.
The optimum temperature for adult egg laying is 23-28°C, and the optimum humidity is 60%-80%. The egg hatching temperature is 16-36°C and the hatching rate is the highest at 24°C. The larvae develop a suitable temperature of 17-28 °C, the larvae invade the temperature of 14-36 °C, to 18-25 °C optimum, below 10 °C to stop activities. The large amount of nematode in soil is the main factor in the incidence and epidemic. Saline-alkali soil and sandy soil are heavy. Lian Tian was seriously ill. Physiological differentiation of soybean cyst nematode exists. No.1 and No.3 in the northeastern soybean area and No.4, No.5 and No.7 in the Huanghuai and Haidou area. The No. 34 is the most frequent and widely distributed in China.
Control methods (1) Selection of resistant varieties such as cowpea No.11, Yudou No.2, 8118, 7803, etc., Henan 7760, Shangqiu breeding, 83-h antibiotic stability, Kefeng No.2, selected by Huaiyin Agricultural Sciences, No. 3 is more resistant to disease. Shanxi Xingxian gray black beans, Wuzhai black beans and resistance 1,3,4,5 four physiological races. (2) After cultivating corn or rice in sick fields, the amount of cysts is reduced by more than 30%, which is an effective agricultural control measure. In addition, continuous cropping and heavy cropping should be avoided to achieve a reasonable rotation. (3) Chemical control promotes the use of water-soluble methyl isoflunisal granules, effective ingredient per 667m2300-400g, sprinkled in the ditch when sowing, wet soil effect is better than dry soil, neutral soil is better than alkaline soil, It is required that the device should not be applied by hand, nor should it be dissolved in water. In addition can also be used 3% grams of phosphorus 5kg mixed soil after acupuncture, the effect is obvious. Larger insecticidal plots were treated with 2% carbofuran granules per 667m2 of 2-4kg or 5% phorate granules of 8kg or 10% aldicarb granules of 2.5-5kg. Can also be used 98% cotton 5-10kg or DD mixture 40kg. After the two agents must be applied 15-20 days before sowing, the first several granules and seeds can be layered.
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