In order to obtain higher yields, people continuously use large amounts of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in farmland. There is a shortage of organic matter in the farmland soil, and the number and types of microorganisms have been greatly reduced, including some beneficial microorganisms that can inhibit soil-borne diseases, such as actinomycetes, trichoderma, and Bacillus. On the other hand, many plant-damaging pathogens are more likely to overwinter in sick bodies. If there is no saprophytic bacteria in the soil, the plant stalks will not rot quickly and the germs will have more chances of survival. For these reasons, blight, sheath blight, root rot, and blight have become increasingly rampant recently.
For the increasingly serious problems of soil-borne diseases, two strategies can be adopted. The first is to continue to strengthen the chemical or physical killing measures and create a sterile condition for the crop as much as possible. This is more difficult because the structure and physicochemical properties of the soil are more complex and there are many factors that affect the sterilization effect; even if it can be done temporarily, once new pathogens enter, they will quickly become disasters due to lack of natural inhibition capabilities. Another strategy is to increase the species and quantity of soil microorganisms in farmland, create a reasonable, balanced, and stable microflora and rely on their relationships of competition, occupancy, and heavy parasites to suppress the growth of pathogens. Practice has proved that this is a reasonable strategy for sustained disease prevention and control.
In order to achieve ecological balance and suppress soil-borne diseases, it is necessary to continuously increase the organic matter of the soil, including farm manure (fertilizer, compost), industrialized organic manure, straw returning, and planting grasshoppers and other green manure crops. Organic matter is not only rich in nutrients, it makes the soil form a cluster structure, it is also a matrix for the cultivation of various microorganisms. On the other hand, it is necessary to increase the types and quantities of beneficial microorganisms, that is, to apply a certain amount of fungicide. Fertilizers are also called biological fertilizers and bacterial fertilizers. Specifically, they are bacteria, not fats, and the main components are not nutrients but large numbers of microorganisms. Its function lies in the improvement of the nutrient conditions of the crops and the decomposition of the organic matter in the soil through the activity of microorganisms, so that they become nutrients that can be absorbed by the plants, just as people's meals must be digested to be absorbed. After the straw is returned to the field, if there is no help from microorganisms, not only can it not be used by plants, but it may also contribute to the breeding of germs. On the other hand, no matter how good or even no bacteria are spread in barren soil, it will not be possible to transform nutrients out of the air. The beneficial microorganisms will starve to death. Only when organic matter and beneficial microorganisms are present at the same time can they have the effect of increasing fat and preventing disease.
A new type of multi-effect organic fertilizer in which beneficial microorganisms are implanted in a large amount of organic substances in appropriate proportions, and the microorganisms include nitrogen-fixing bacteria, nitric acid bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, and photosynthetic bacteria that can increase or convert nutrition; and yeasts that can decompose organic matters; Trichoderma spp., Gliocladium spp., Actinomycetes, and some Bacillus and Pseudomonas species capable of secreting plant growth stimulating hormone and inhibiting pathogens. This fertilizer has the advantages of long-lasting, quick-acting, yield-increasing and disease-preventing and worthy of promotion. Its advantages and disadvantages mainly depend on the type and quantity of beneficial microorganisms implanted.
Here also to remind everyone to pay attention, the bacteria fertilizer and multi-effect organic fertilizer should not be stored for a long time, to avoid high temperature, flooding, and generally can not be mixed with fungicides.
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