In the pond culture process, fish often appear floating head phenomenon. Fish floating head is a kind of temporary physiological adaptation to the water body's environmental hypoxia and other undesirable factors. If it does not take effective measures in time, it will gradually increase or even flood the pond, causing major economic losses.
The reasons for the floating heads of fish including floatation are various, and first-aid measures should be effective in accordance with the situation. In general, opening aerators and replacing fresh water are effective for floating heads in most cases. However, in some cases, these methods can only serve as a temporary rescue and a temporary solution. Fundamental methods should find out (floating or floating) reasons, targeted treatment. Based on years of practical experience, the author summarizes the 10 floating heads, floating conditions and countermeasures that are frequently encountered in production.
1 Floating head intensive culture High-yield ponds are deposited over many years. The sediments are generally thick, and a large number of zooplankton and protozoan eggs are hidden. After warming the water temperature in the spring and disinfecting and applying fertilizer through quicklime, these eggs are quickly activated and produce a lot of growth, resulting in greatly increased oxygen consumption in the pool. The phytoplankton with oxygen-producing function are gradually declining, the pool water becomes very thin, and the water is grayish or light brown. This is often the case in April-May and early seedling cultivation. Because the water temperature is not very high at this time, the floating head symptom is not very obvious, so it is often neglected and caused an accident.
Countermeasures: (1) Use insecticides to kill too many zooplankton and immediately use chemical fertilizers and water. (2) Combine clear ponds to remove excessive sludge, apply organic basal fertilizers early in the shallows, and use drag repeatedly to accelerate the decomposition of the fermentation. Avoid excessive accumulation.
2Floating head caused by water and fertilizer The large amount of unfermented manure was applied in the early stage, together with the accumulation of excessive silt and forage residue, the pool water is generally very fat, and the water temperature in summer and autumn increases sharply. Fermentation and decomposition of fertilizers and organic deposits consume a lot of water. oxygen. In this case, the dissolved oxygen in the water is taken away in large quantities, and the lack of oxygen floating head is inevitable.
Countermeasures: (1) Desilt once every 2-3 years. Feeding management, timely removal of forage residues. The use of organic fertilizers should be performed after a small amount of sufficient ground fermentation, high-temperature season should be based on chemical fertilizers, manure after the application of manure to ferment in the sunny afternoon noon splash. (2) Regular flushing of fresh water, rational opening of aerators, so that the water quality to maintain "tender and tender".
3 In the middle and later stages of floating head culture caused by water transfer, the pond water often has a large amount of blue-green algae due to excessive fertilizer, and the water is blue-green or dark green. Downwind often floats a layer of organic floating film, and a large amount of harmful gas, such as hydrogen sulfide, methane, and ammonia nitrogen, accumulates in the pool bottom. In case of sudden changes in the weather or other reasons, blue-green algae and other aging deaths sink. Pool water stratification phenomenon: the bottom dark like fat, and the transparency of the upper water is very large. The total dissolved oxygen in the whole pool is very low, and the toxic substances are significantly increased. The downwind can smell stench and the water quality deteriorates rapidly, which is called water corruption or “turning waterâ€. If they are not rescued in time, serious floating heads, flooding ponds or even outbreaks will occur.
Countermeasures: (1) Observe at a leisurely pond. When it is found that pool water is aging darkly, flush with fresh water or use quick lime to adjust the water quality. (2) Once the water is transferred, the bottom water shall be drained to infuse fresh water, change the amount of water by 1/3 to 1/2, and simultaneously apply the quick-acting fertilizer, as soon as possible to make the water and fat up, and increase the dissolved oxygen. (3) Extend the start-up time of the aerator and remove harmful gases.
4 Floating heads caused by weather changes Thunderstorms, scraping cold winds, or opening aerators on a sunny day and evening will cause convection in the lower water layer of the pool in advance: the surface of high dissolved oxygen sinks underwater and repays the oxygen debt; the bottom water is mixed with various harmful gases and even sediment At the beginning, it caused a lack of oxygen in the whole pool and caused floating heads. In addition, continuous rainy weather, lack of light, phytoplankton photosynthesis weak, dissolved oxygen in the water can not be sufficient to supplement. The respiration of fish and other aquatic organisms proceeds as usual, causing floating heads.
Countermeasures: Pay attention to listening to the weather forecast, in case of rainy and hot weather, you should use less or no bait in the afternoon, watch the pond at night, and start aerator or flush in the next morning.
5Floating heads caused by excessive density of fish and other aquatic organisms Some inexperienced fishermen stocked fingerlings without clear pond disinfection, and they did not install filter nets when they were watered. Various wild fish and eggs were incorporated into the pool. Causes the pool's biological density to be too large and causes the fish to lose oxygen. Especially in the hot season, the solubility of oxygen in the water decreases as the water temperature rises, while the fish's respiratory intensity increases. In the case where this oxygen consumption is greater than the source, floating heads are justified.
Countermeasures: (1) Reasonably arrange stocking density according to specific conditions. (2) Disinfect the clear ponds and install sieve-filter bags at the inlet to prevent wild fish and eggs from entering the pool. (3) If necessary, use insecticides to kill too many zooplankton.
6 Ammonia-nitrogen poisoning caused by floating ponds in front of many dead fish that have not been fished out in time, or inadvertently applying excessive amounts of fertilizer in ponds, often causes ammonia nitrogen and other harmful substances to exceed standards, causing floating heads. However, such floating heads mostly occurred at noon. Slow movement of fish, but also a long time to death.
Countermeasures: (1) Immediately flush with fresh water, and turn on oxygen detoxification. (2) The use of photosynthetic bacteria or pond poison net to improve the substrate, but avoid using lime and other basic drugs.
7 Misleading the polluted water or the floating head caused by excessive dosage will not only go up and float, but also will go around and jump or go wild. Countermeasures: Quickly introduce new water and dilute the concentration of harmful substances.
8 Disease-induced floating When a large number of parasites or protozoa are parasitized on fish bracts, they often affect the fish's respiration. When they float on the water surface, they are clearly visible. They roam in groups and occasionally have swirling symptoms. Grass carp is most obvious. Countermeasures: Continuous use of insecticides 2 to 3 times.
9 Floating due to hunger When there is a lack of water quality and natural food, oysters will feed on the ground, snatch feed powder and devour the organic floating membrane under the wind. However, they can move quickly and swim freely, not due to lack of oxygen.
Countermeasures: Timely top dressing, accelerating the reproduction of plankton, can also feed powdered concentrate.
10 Hepatobiliary Syndrome Upslope Caused by Hepatobiliary Syndrome The grass carp and carp also have symptoms of floating, disorderly movement, or swirling or drilling. Examination of the body surface revealed no obvious symptoms, but after dissection, the liver was seen to be white-yellow-shaped, with a large, dark bile, and the fish died one after another.
Countermeasures: (1) Replacement of lower protein diet after symptom relief. (2) It is recommended to feed "Liguibao" baits or appropriate amounts of choline chloride in feed to prevent and treat this disease.
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