Anthurium andraeanum, also known as Anthurium, is a member of the genus Anthospermae, an evergreen plant. Native to tropical rain forests in Central and South America. Sexual warm, moist, dark and well-drained environment; single flower top, peduncle length 50 ~ 80cm, fleshy inflorescence upright, yellow, red or green, flaming leathery, waxy layer, red , powder, orange, green, white, purple and mixed colors and other colors. The sepals are unique in shape, colorful in color, long in insertion period, and green in leaf color. They can be used for viewing flowers and leaves. They are mainly used as fresh cut flowers and also suitable for potted plants for indoor viewing. They are important upscale watches at home and abroad. flowers. 1 Propagation methods Large-leafed candels mainly cultivate superior plants through sexual crossing. However, due to the cross-pollination plants, the traits of the hybrid offspring are separated and greatly variated; therefore, asexual propagation methods such as ramets and tissue culture are frequently used in production to maintain the superior traits of the mother plant. The propagation of ramets is generally conducted in the spring. Three or more leaves of the saplings will be removed from the roots of the mother stalks, and then sterilized and planted in a soilless matrix. Fine management can be carried out for about one month. Tissue culture is the main method for vegetative propagation. Callus or leaf cuttings are used and placed in a medium for cultivation. The entire process is performed under laboratory aseptic conditions. 2 Seedlings and seedlings seedlings and tissue culture bottle seedlings can be transplanted after 5 to 7 days of hardening. Before transplanting the bottle, the substrate must be washed and disinfected with 0.02% potassium permanganate. Using soilless cultivation methods, the seedlings must not be damaged during transplanting, and the matrix should be kept loose. Do not water too much at the seedling stage, so as to avoid the lack of oxygen in the root system and poor growth. In severe cases, it will cause rotten seedlings (fallen sickness). 10 days after transplanting, fertilize can be done with foliar spray. Spray 0.1-3.0% three-element compound fertilizer or 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate one or two times a week; After the month, fertilize 100 times of dilute manure fertilizer. After each fertilization, spray water 1 times. Because the large-leaved flower candle has more magnesium than other foliage flowers, attention should be paid to the top dressing of magnesium fertilizer. At the beginning of transplanting, low light conditions (800-1000 Lx) are required, and the light intensity is gradually increased after 10 days. Seedlings growing in the nursery shed for about six months, 6 ~ 8cm high can be out of the garden. 3 Cultivation and management 3.1 Light adjustment of large-leaf flowers and candlesticks. The growth period avoids drought and direct sunlight. The suitable light intensity is 20000-25000Lx. Over 25000Lx will promote lateral bud production, and over 30000Lx will cause the flowers to darken and the leaves to lose luster. Double black shading nets are generally used in production. In winter, it is necessary to cover straw insulation. According to the light and temperature, it will be rolled up in the morning and put down in the evening; the temperature of the overcast will be low, and at least 2 hours of ventilation time will be guaranteed at noon. When light intensity is strong in spring and autumn, it is rolled up at every 4 grass curtains, and the shading rate is about 80%, so as to prevent the leaves from losing luster and even burn due to strong light. 3.2 Temperature and Humidity Control The macrophylla canola cultivation matrix is ​​best made of perlite 20% + peat 80%. The moisture content of the matrix should be maintained without excessive humidity. The air humidity in the greenhouse is preferably 60% to 70% and the temperature is 18 to 28°C. The minimum temperature must not be lower than 13°C. Below 13°C, it is prone to chilling injury. Short time below 9°C will cause freezing injury. The leaves will show white spots and the young buds will wither. Therefore, winter and early spring should pay special attention to the prevention of low temperature hazards. In the high temperature season in the north, water should be often sprayed to the walkway and space to reduce the temperature, while paying attention to ventilation, so as to avoid causing flowers, leaves deformity. 3.3 The management of fertilizer and water use soybean cake 20kg, superphosphate or pig manure, chicken manure 15kg, bone powder 2.5kg, ferrous sulfate 2.5kg, water 250kg, drying 30 days of manure water, diluted 100 times, slowly poured into the roots, Pouring once every 15 days. Spray water 1 time after fertilization to prevent fertilizer solution from remaining and damage the leaves. The large-leaved frangipani has relatively strict requirements on water quality. Surface water and groundwater need to be adjusted before being used. It is best to use rainwater for irrigation and fertilizer water during cultivation. The large-leafed anthurium has strict requirements on trace elements such as iron, manganese, boron, copper, zinc, molybdenum, etc. In the case of unreasonable pH values ​​of the substrate and fertilizer solution, it is prone to deficiency of nutrients, and the selection of nutrient elements by the plant It also affects the pH of the matrix and must be tested regularly to keep the pH of the matrix within 5.2 to 6.2. 4 Pest control 4.1 Bacterial diseases mainly include wilt disease and epidemic disease. At present, there is no cure for the disease, so prevention is very important. In the epidemic area, it can be sprayed with Epimedium 1000 times liquid and streptomycin sulfate 3000 times, spraying the seedbed and the cultivation bed at the same time, once a week, rotating drugs, even spraying 6-8 times, which can effectively prevent bacteria The occurrence of sexual diseases. 4.2 fungal diseases mainly leaf spot, downy mildew, anthrax, root rot, atrophy, base rot and so on. At the initial stage of the disease of the leaf, spray the pesticide once every 6-8 days, and spray 3 to 4 times for prevention and treatment. Select thiophanate-methyl 500800 times plus 800 to 1000 times chlorothalonil, captopridine or sulphur suspension 500 to 800 times, or anti-frost cream 800 to 1000 times liquid and other agents alternately. In addition, it is necessary to control the temperature and humidity in the shed. The temperature is controlled at 20 to 25°C and the humidity is controlled at 65% to 70%. Pay attention to frequent ventilation. 4.3 Insect pests mainly include root-knot nematodes, aphids, red spiders, scale insects, whitefly, and lepidoptera Spodoptera litura and cabbage caterpillars. Peat soil should be used as a substrate to eliminate nematode sources. Once found, first remove the damaged plants, and then disinfect the seedbed to exterminate the insects, use 5 to 10 g/m2 of aldicarb, or spread 10 to 20 g/m2 of grams of phosphorus particles, and then spray water to wet the cultivation bed. In addition to scorpion spirits, scorpion alcohol and other aphid pests. With biological control or yellow stick tack, anti-influx, deltamethrin, fish rattan, green cream and other dilution spray control aphids. For Lepidoptera pests, shading nets and pest control nets must be sealed first. When the population density is small, artificial culling of larvae and adults and removal of egg masses are used. In severe cases, fennel esters, insecticides, greenway, and fast are used. G and other dilution spray, and kill scale insects, thrips and whitefly and other pests.
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