Pesticides are high-tech, highly-targeted agricultural production materials. Scientific use of pesticides can effectively control crop pests and diseases and ensure agricultural harvest. However, improper use may also cause side effects such as pesticide residues in agricultural products, environmental pollution, destruction of ecological balance, crop phytotoxicity, or poisoning accidents to users. At a time when Sanxia is busy, it is a peak season for various diseases and insect pests and diseases. Now, some problems that should be paid attention to in the use of pesticides are systematically introduced. Symptomatic drug selection is the key China's current production of pesticides in many varieties, divided into insecticides, acaricides, fungicides, nematicides, herbicides, plant growth regulators and rodenticides and Other types. Chemically synthesized pesticide raw materials (variety) must be processed into certain dosage forms, forming different formulations or mixed preparations are marketed commodity pesticides. In addition, in order to supplement the domestic market and improve the variety structure, the state approved the import of some new pesticides. Therefore, there are many varieties in the pesticide market, which is dazzling and difficult for users to choose. Pesticides are a kind of agricultural toxicants and have selectivity for different organisms. For example, insecticides can be divided into contact poisons, stomach poisons, systemic inhalants and fumigants according to their mode of action; Insect-like, only to kill, if Ruojiao, and only to kill eggs and Ruoqiang or only kill the eggs; fungicides are divided into protective agent, systemic absorption agent and protection and treatment mixture; Herbicide is divided into stem and leaf processing Agent and soil treatment agent. The same insecticide is not a panacea for all kinds of pests, each agent has its own control range, such as anti-influx is used to control aphids, but the activity of cotton aphid is extremely poor; tetrazine (Apo Luo) Prevention and treatment of fruit trees, red spiders, only high activity on the eggs, on the Cheng, Ruoqiang invalid. The control effect of an agent is also staged. When the new agent is put into use, the effect is often better. With the large-scale use, the pest resistance of pests and other pests gradually increases, and the control effect will decline; For the control of a certain insect pest, the same medicament used for the first time and the later stage has different efficacy. For cotton bollworms, they can be used to control cotton bollworms generally in the hatching period of the 1st egg in the cotton field and before the 3rd instar of the larva. Good control effect, but when larvae reach 4 to 5 years of age, it is difficult to achieve satisfactory efficacy using any medicine. Pesticides are technical products for informed consumption and need to be used strictly in accordance with instructions or instructions for use on the bottle. In other words, people can only use the full understanding of the performance characteristics of selected pesticides. Blind use not only fails to achieve effective control of pests and diseases, but also brings about side effects such as phytotoxicity to plants, pollution to products and the environment. What problems can be understood through the instructions? (1) Common Names of Pesticides: Pesticides sold in the market have two common methods: generic names and product names. The name of a product is just like a person's “breast name†and cannot be used alone. In particular, if someone accidentally takes it, the doctor is not likely to treat it symptomatically. Must be accompanied by the generic name of the drug, and the common name can not be used only in English. People can use the common name to initially determine the type of drug, whether it is a mixture, and whether it is a new type. (2) Active ingredient content: According to the percentage mark, the same drug name, content is different, and the dosage is different. (3) Control object, dosage and use method: The object to be controlled by the pesticide shall be marked according to the scope registered in the pesticide verification of the Ministry of Agriculture, and the amount and method of use shall be specified. For example, cotton bollworm insecticides used on cotton should not be used to control bollworms on vegetables and other crops; the method of use should not be arbitrarily changed. Pre-emergence herbicides in corn fields are often used because of insufficient water use. Membranes form on the surface, which reduces the efficacy of the drug; the prevention of disease in fruit trees is often due to the lack of water, so that the efficacy is reduced. (4) Safety interval: the number of days from the last application to harvest. If it is used on vegetables, it must wait for the specified number of days before the pesticide in the product can be decomposed. (5) Precautions: It mainly aims at the characteristics of the drug and reminds people of problems that should be paid attention to during storage, transportation, and use. At the same time, we should also pay attention to the proper handling of pesticide packaging. There are misunderstandings in the selection of pesticides. 1. Only recognize the reputation of the product name, and do not understand the common name and its performance characteristics. As China's pesticides are still in the imitation stage, most of the pharmaceutical products are patented products, and the development of foreign pesticides is also more and more difficult, the number of new varieties appear less and less. After the use of pesticides in one stage, the degree of drug resistance has continued to increase, and the efficacy has declined. People are eager to expect new pesticides to appear, especially one-sided pursuit of exotic varieties. For this reason, some companies have made a big fuss about the names of pesticides for the sake of market competition. They have taken names or names that are irrelevant to pesticides. These unclear names of pesticides have caused people to use pesticides and use them rationally. More difficult. 2, blind mix. Many people in use found that the use of a single agent is not effective, and indiscriminately mixed several agents, and even mixed several agents. As a result, not only did they fail to improve their efficacy, but instead The effect is less than ideal or causes serious injury to the crop, or delays the timing of the prevention and control. 3, one-sided pursuit of quick effect. In the prevention and control of pests and diseases, field investigations should also be taken as guidance, and depending on the occurrence in the field, it is necessary to determine whether or not prevention and control are required. General pests are more sensitive to pesticides in the young larvae stage, and larvae are difficult to control after the third instar. Diseases of plants are also effective when they occur at the beginning. It is often difficult to grasp this optimal timing of prevention and control in production, and to use pesticides for emergency treatment when pests and diseases are seriously endangered. This is a passive drug. After the use of pesticides, it is necessary to have a process of drug efficacy. Generally, the efficacy of pyrethroid insecticides is fast, and the efficacy of specific insecticides is relatively slow. Most users require fast-acting drugs to be effective, and it is unacceptable for the drug to be slow. Therefore, pyrethroids and mixtures containing pyrethroids are welcomed. The main agricultural pests such as Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera exigua, and aphids are susceptible to severe resistance to pyrethroids. In most parts of China, the resistance of these three pests to pyrethroid pesticides is very serious. More difficult. 4, improper application of pesticides. The prevention and control of agricultural pests and diseases emphasizes the proper application of medicines and methods. The appropriate method should be selected for the hazards of the pests. For example, the larvae of the beet armyworm are harmed on the foliage in the early evening of the sunny day until 8 a.m. the following day. When the light is strong, they will be concealed and have pseudo-dead. The liquid should be sprayed on the body at the time of the damage to obtain a good control effect. Control of locusts, greenhouse whitefly, whitefly and plant diseases should be directed against the back of the leaf, spraying only on the surface can not control its damage. It is also advisable to spray an easily photolyzable agent such as phoxim in the evening. 5, sprayers generally do not meet the requirements. Investigations from various localities and farmers showed that at present, the qualified rate of agricultural sprayers sold in China is low, quality is poor, and the quality of accessories is poor. There are also certain problems in the use and storage of sprayers by farmers. Therefore, the pesticide waste caused by the leakage of the sprayer and the poor atomization during use is very alarming. Some farmers complain that it is difficult to buy a qualified sprayer. Some people also said that they were afraid to think about fighting drugs, because one fight drug may be washed by liquids, and there is a great possibility of poisoning. To this end, it also called on relevant departments to seriously grasp the quality of pesticides. Reasonable use of matters needing attention 1, to determine the performance characteristics of pesticide species. Pesticides are a kind of agricultural toxicants and have selectivity for different organisms. For example, insecticides can be divided into contact poisons, stomach poisons, systemic inhalants and fumigants according to their mode of action; Insect-like, only to kill, if Ruojiao, and only to kill eggs and Ruoqiang or only kill the eggs; fungicides are divided into protective agent, systemic absorption agent and protection and treatment mixture; Herbicide is divided into stem and leaf processing Agent and soil treatment agent. The same insecticide is not a panacea for all kinds of pests, each agent has its own control range, such as anti-influx is used to control aphids, but the activity of cotton aphid is extremely poor; tetrazine (Apo Luo) Prevention and treatment of fruit trees, red spiders, only high activity on the eggs, on the Cheng, Ruoqiang invalid. The control effect of an agent is also staged. When the new agent is put into use, the effect is often better. With the large-scale use, the pest resistance of pests and other pests gradually increases, and the control effect will decline; For the control of a certain insect pest, the same medicament used for the first time and the later stage has different efficacy. For cotton bollworms, they can be used to control cotton bollworms generally in the hatching period of the 1st egg in the cotton field and before the 3rd instar of the larva. Good control effect, but when larvae reach 4 to 5 years of age, it is difficult to achieve satisfactory efficacy using any medicine. 2. Read the instruction manual and instructions for use on the bottle. Pesticides are technical products for informed consumption and need to be used strictly in accordance with instructions or instructions for use on the bottle. In other words, people can only use the full understanding of the performance characteristics of selected pesticides. Blind use not only fails to achieve effective control of pests and diseases, but also brings about side effects such as phytotoxicity to plants, pollution to products and the environment. 3, should clear the contents of the bottle and the instructions. Active ingredient content: According to the percentage mark, the same drug name, content is different, and the dosage is different. Control object, dosage and use method: The object to be controlled by the pesticide shall be marked according to the scope registered in the pesticide inspection of the Ministry of Agriculture, and the amount and method of use shall be specified. For example, cotton bollworm insecticides used on cotton should not be used to control bollworms on vegetables and other crops; the method of use should not be arbitrarily changed. Pre-emergence herbicides in corn fields are often used because of insufficient water use. Membranes form on the surface, which reduces the efficacy of the drug; the prevention of disease in fruit trees is often due to the lack of water, so that the efficacy is reduced. Safety interval: the number of days from the last application to harvest. If it is used on vegetables, it must wait for the specified number of days before the pesticide in the product can be decomposed. Matters needing attention: mainly for the characteristics of the drug, to remind people in the storage, transportation and use should pay attention to the problem. At the same time, we should also pay attention to the proper handling of pesticide packaging. 4, scientific use of pesticide application aids. Pesticide preparations already contain a certain amount of surfactants, but due to different control targets, different stages of use, different processing quality, and different water quality, in order to improve the wet performance of the spray liquid and improve the efficacy, it is often necessary to add a certain amount of Application aids. 5, scientific evaluation of control effect. The efficacy of insecticides and acaricides can be divided into two types, fast-acting and sustained-effect, depending on the time of performance. In particular, insect growth regulators are used, and their efficacy is delayed; the efficacy of fungicides can be divided into the principle of prevention and control. Inhalation treatment and protection are two kinds of protective agents for the purpose of prevention, therapeutic agents can be targeted therapy after the onset; herbicide efficacy according to the different time of treatment divided into pre-emergence treatment and stem and leaf treatment two. For this reason, different evaluation indicators should be selected according to their respective characteristics in evaluating drug efficacy.
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