In order to save energy, soft-shell turtle farmers have adopted a combined greenhouse and pond culture system. This involves raising small turtles in greenhouses, where the stocking density is high and heating costs are relatively low. Once the water temperature in the outer pond rises, the turtles are moved from the greenhouse to the pond, which is considered an efficient and scientifically sound breeding method. However, improper handling during this transfer can lead to significant mortality among the turtles.
One of the main causes of death is the large temperature difference between the greenhouse and the outer pond. Turtles raised in warm greenhouses may not be able to adapt quickly to the cooler outdoor environment, leading to stress and disease. Another reason is that some turtles may already be weak or sick before the transfer. When they are moved to a new environment with different conditions, their health deteriorates rapidly, resulting in high mortality rates. Additionally, the outer ponds may contain harmful pathogens in the mud, increasing the risk of infection.
To minimize losses during the transfer, several important steps should be followed:
First, it's crucial to properly clean and disinfect the outer pond before moving the turtles. The pond should be drained completely, and the sediment should be turned into ridges and exposed to sunlight for extended periods. The UV rays in sunlight help kill pathogens in the mud. For additional disinfection, lime water can be sprinkled for the first nine days, and after seven days, the pond should be filled with water and tested to ensure it's safe for the turtles.
Second, the water level in the pond should not be too deep. Sunlight should be used to gradually raise the water temperature. The ideal time to move the turtles is when the pond temperature reaches around 25°C. Before transferring, the water temperature in the greenhouse should be slowly reduced so that the turtles can acclimate to the lower temperatures. Only when the indoor and outdoor temperatures are nearly equal (within a 2°C difference) should the transfer take place.
Third, before moving the turtles to the pond, they should be soaked in a potassium permanganate solution for about ten minutes to disinfect them. Afterward, the turtles should be placed at the edge of the feeding area, allowing them to climb into the water on their own.
Fourth, one week before the transfer, it's important to improve the turtles' nutrition and add preventive medications to their feed. High-quality feed should be used, and supplements like egg yolks and liver can be added to enhance their health. Medications such as compound vitamins, vitamin C, ciprofloxacin, Banlangen, and honeysuckle can also be included to boost immunity. Vitamin C, in particular, helps with wound healing and reduces inflammation, making it especially beneficial during the transfer process.
Finally, only healthy turtles should be transferred to the outer pond. Healthy turtles will show quick responses and eat vigorously. It's important not to rush the process or follow others blindly. Some farmers may feel pressured to move their turtles just because others have done so, but the decision should be based on the actual condition of the turtles. If a turtle shows signs of illness, sluggishness, or poor appetite, it should be treated first before being moved to the pond.
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