Sorghum red stripe virus disease is a relatively new plant illness caused by the Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus. This condition can occur at any stage of the sorghum growth cycle, and symptoms vary depending on the variety. In the early stages, small green spots appear between the leaf veins, forming irregular, lobe-like patterns. These spots gradually expand across the entire leaf, causing uneven discoloration—often turning yellow, reddish, or purplish-red. The lesions are typically restricted by thick veins and eventually turn into red stripes. The disease may also affect the leaf sheaths, stems, and ears, resulting in purple streaks. When the ear is infected, the head becomes short, the glumes turn red, and the florets may be aborted. In severe cases, the plants may not head at all or die prematurely.
At the seedling stage, infected plants are usually 1/3 to 1/2 the height of healthy ones and may wither earlier without heading. From the jointing to booting stages, diseased plants are about 1/2 to 4/5 the height of healthy ones. If the disease appears before heading, the plant height remains normal, and yield loss is generally less significant. A key distinguishing feature from fungal or bacterial infections is the presence of mosaic patterns on young leaves, and no pathogens are found through microscopic examination of severely affected tissues.
In 1996, researchers from Shenyang Agricultural University and the Liaoning Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences studied over a dozen sorghum varieties in cities such as Huludao, Jinzhou, Shenyang, Tieling, and Yingkou in Liaoning Province. They observed that the average incidence rate of the disease in production areas was around 10%, but in heavily affected regions, it could reach 80% to 90%, sometimes leading to total crop failure.
Different sorghum cultivars showed varying levels of susceptibility. Hybrids like Shenza 5 and Liaoza 1, which used T622A as the female parent, were highly vulnerable, while combinations such as Jinza 93, Liaoza 4, and Tieza 10 showed lower severity. The disease was more common in flat land, whereas hillside and roadside fields experienced heavier infestations. Stronger-growing plants tended to be less affected. Surveys conducted by the Chaoyang County Agricultural Center and the Chaoyang Agricultural School Production Area confirmed similar findings. Additionally, plots near villages and those with irrigation were more prone to infection. The disease was more severe before rain and lighter after rainfall. Liaoza 6 showed strong resistance, and plots treated with organic or bio-organic fertilizers had lower disease incidence.
To manage this disease, it is essential to implement comprehensive agricultural practices. Planting resistant varieties, such as Liaoza No. 6, is strongly recommended. Other effective measures include promoting high-resistance hybrid combinations, selecting resistant parent lines during breeding, sowing early to avoid peak virus periods, applying organic and bio-organic fertilizers, removing weeds, ensuring timely irrigation, and maintaining proper field management and soil conservation. With these strategies, the impact of sorghum red stripe virus disease can be significantly reduced.
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