The comprehensive technical measures for improving the fertility of musk rats include a variety of strategies aimed at optimizing their health, breeding conditions, and overall productivity. These methods are essential for ensuring successful reproduction and maintaining a healthy population of musk rats in captivity or farming environments.
First, feeding diversity and meeting nutritional needs are crucial. While the basic dietary requirements remain consistent throughout different stages, the specific nutrients needed vary depending on the season and life stage of the musk rat. Therefore, it's important to adjust supplementary feeds accordingly. During the breeding season, adding a small amount of animal-based feed can enhance reproductive performance and promote better breeding outcomes.
Second, early water supply and ground exchange play a significant role in both survival and breeding success. Research has shown that providing water one month earlier than usual—such as starting in March instead of April—can significantly increase the number of litters per year. Early water availability allows for 3–4 litters annually, while delayed water supply results in fewer births. Implementing insulation measures like solar plastic greenhouses can further improve breeding efficiency, potentially leading to up to five litters per year.
Third, enhancing winter insulation and summer cooling is vital for the musk rat’s survival and reproductive capacity. Poor insulation during cold months can lead to severe weight loss, even causing tail loss due to frostbite. This makes it difficult for them to recover in spring and prepare for breeding. Similarly, heat stress in summer must be managed; if not controlled, it can cause discomfort, reduce sexual desire, and delay estrus, all of which negatively affect reproduction.
Fourth, proper management and hygiene are essential. Musk rats are naturally clean animals, but they struggle to maintain cleanliness in unhygienic environments. Dirty water in baths or pools can cause stress and disrupt nesting behavior, which may impact breeding. In summer, leftover or damp green feed should be removed promptly to prevent mold and bacterial growth, which can lead to high fever, suffocation of young, or paralysis in pups, reducing their survival rate.
Fifth, maintaining a quiet environment is important for reducing stress and promoting natural behaviors. Disturbances can hinder breeding and lower reproductive success.
Sixth, implementing single-mother housing systems can help avoid aggression between females and ensure better care for offspring.
Seventh, managing one male with one female for cohabitation or using artificial insemination techniques can improve breeding efficiency and genetic diversity.
Eighth, exploring the effects of constant-temperature bath water on reproduction at room temperature could provide insights into optimal breeding conditions.
Ninth, selecting and pairing high-quality breeding stock is key to improving the overall health and vigor of the species.
Tenth, focusing on the care and development of young musk rats is essential for long-term population sustainability.
Finally, adhering to the seven principles of feeding and management ensures a well-rounded approach to musk rat husbandry, supporting both their physical and reproductive health.
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