Content: I. Overview Chinese black porpoise is a kind of black guinea pig. It is a precious herbivore with wild game, fur, ornamental and nourishment. The guinea pig is a mammalian, rodentian, and guinea pig. Black ears, black eyes, black toes, shiny black fur, it is called black dolphins. The guinea pig has a large head, short neck, round ears, no tail, short limbs, four toes on the forelegs, three toes on the hind limbs, short and sharp claws on the toes, no arrests, poor climbing and jumping, mild sexuality, timidity, Sometimes squealing squeaks. Fast growth (feeding for 2 months to sell), high reproduction rate (sex maturation after one and a half months of birth), strong disease resistance, high survival rate, and strong adaptability. China's black porpoise is a precious herbivore that combines game, nourishing, medicinal, fur, and ornamental. Its successful breeding has added a glorious page to the development of black food in China and even the world. 1. Game and nourishment: The Chinese black porpoise, which has been developed through the introduction of wild guinea pigs and continuously optimized, has a white and tender flesh (very thin muscle fibers) that is superior to chicken, duck, and fish; With gum, taste fat, better than a turtle skirt. Modern scientific research has proven that black food is not only nutritious, but also has the special function of eliminating free radicals, anti-oxidation, blood-fat lowering, anti-tumor, yanggong and anti-aging. Traditional Chinese medicine in our country believes that: black kidney, kidney is the congenital nature of this, the source of life is solid in the kidneys, pointing out that black products can support this, strengthen the skin, strengthen the body, and prolong life. The black porpoise is a high-protein, low-fat, low-cholesterol food that contains melanin that can eliminate free radicals from the body to prevent lipid overload, thereby delaying aging; it contains three times as much iron as the soft-shelled turtle. 2. Medicinal: The black dolphins are sweet, flat, and beneficial for blood and detoxification. They are used to treat frailty, old kidney deficiency, and postpartum anaemia. Black porpoise meat can be used as a drug for the treatment of epilepsy, while guinea pig blood can be extracted as a raw material for serotonin. Gastro-intestinal and cardiovascular disease patients can consume 3-4 black dolphins within a short period of time (about 10 days) to stabilize and relieve the disease, relieve symptoms, and maintain a longer period of time. 3, fur: black dolphins is a precious fur animal. Its hair is black and shiny, its brightness is comparable to water, hair length 2 cm -3 cm, shorter than fox fur, in line with modern clothing disinfection and trendy, thin and soft skin, rich in collagen, by the relevant leather research units The monitoring proves that the black dolphins' fur can be used to produce high-grade fur coats and jewellery. It has high economic value and utilization value. 4. Watching: Black doves are mild in temperament, easy to maintain and manage, lively and lovely, and are loved by people, especially children. Can be kept as pets. Second, black porpoise breeding technology Black porpoise is a herbivorous animal, a variety of weeds, vegetables, leaves, melon, plant stems and leaves, straw and other straw are its good feed. Feeding once a day in the morning and evening, the daily amount of food is about 150 grams each, supplemented with a small amount of grain, wheat, corn and other fine ingredients, which is a typical grain-saving small livestock. The vast majority of rural grassland and grassy slopes are rich in feed resources. The black porpoise can effectively use local grass feed to provide each farmer with huge economic benefits and high-grade wild natural black nutrition tonics in a short period of time. (I) Preparation of Feeding Sites First of all, there are various feeding methods for black dolphins in the breeding facilities. The commonly used methods are: cage rearing, flat raising pond-type breeding, and three-dimensional industrialized breeding. 1, cage care. Where a small amount of feeding can use this feeding method. Its advantage is that it can control breeding, feed, and maintain cleanliness. Cage can be made of wood, bamboo, iron wire, specifications 60 cm 50 cm 40 cm is appropriate. 2, raising the pool-style captive. Appropriate cottage, the width of the case to use. The room is divided into blocks of 0.5-1 square meters with bricks, wooden boards, etc. It is best to put some wood shavings or dry strokes in the pool, which is good for keeping warm and absorbing moisture. At present, this method is used for raising. 3, three-dimensional factory feeding: its larger scale, relatively centralized, easy to manage, operate, and raise a large number. Use bricks, wood or iron bars to make 3-5 layers. The bottom is slightly slanted to allow excrement to flow out for easy management. There is a small gate in the pool and cage. In general, the number of stockings is determined by the size of the cages, and the number of small animals per square meter is -10, and the number of large animals is 10 - 20. General length and width of 100 cm 50 cm can be placed 1 male and 4 females; 80 cm 50 cm can be placed 1 male and 3 females; 60 cm and 50 cm can be placed 1 male and 2 females; 45 cm and 35 cm can be placed 1 male 1 mother. The pool raising and box raising should be appropriately diluted. Prior to stocking the black porpoise, the house was sprayed with potassium permanganate solution at a concentration of 0.02%. (2) The feeding habit of Chinese black porpoise is very wide. It is a herbivorous animal mainly composed of green feed. Weeds, leaves, straw, and vegetables are all sources of food. Usually feed every morning and evening, about 150 grams per meal. In order to promote the growth of black dolphins, it is also necessary to feed some full-priced mixed feeds, and the composition is similar to rabbit feed. Such as self-made mixed feed (fine material), the ratio of its raw materials: corn flour 40%, 10% of corn flour, drum skin 30%, peanut shell powder 15%, fish meal 2%, bone meal 2%, salt 1%. The feed is made into pellets or mixed with water to make a wet feed. Black porpoise is very miscellaneous, and normal growth, development, and reproduction require adequate nutrition. Since the black porpoise is a herbivore, the digestibility of crude fiber is high, such as the long-term does not supply plants such as green or hay, peeling occurs, so the feed supply should be matched with fine and green materials. Green material: fresh and tender grass, such as oak grass, corn leaves, sugar cane leaves, leaves, vegetables, peels, carrots, sweet potatoes and so on. (3) Health management The black dolphins love to be clean. Whether they are in captivity or in cages, they should do a good job in the sanitation of the breeding room. The food tanks should be cleaned regularly to prevent food mildew, ensure the freshness of feed and drinking water, and prevent wild mice and fleas. Contamination of feed and drinking water. (d) Reproduction of black porpoises is early mature. The average female dolphins are 35-45 days old, and the male dolphins have sex signs at 70 days of age. However, female dolphins should best breed at 70 days of age. Gender identification: The simple method is to oppress the perineum by hand; to see if there is a penis and the shape of the vulva, you can confirm the male and female. To capture the test, hold the black dolphin's back with your right hand, hold your left shoulder with your thumb, and hold the right shoulder and chest with the other four fingers, gently lift it, and then use your left hand to support it. The female dolphins have a sex cycle of 16 days and the estrus duration is 1 to 18 hours, with an average of 9 hours. Female dolphins are 56 to 68 days pregnant, and the number of puppies is 3 to 5, and many can reach 6 to 9. Selection of species: species of dolphins to choose full body, bone thick, limb shape, eyes bright, well-developed nutritional status, shiny hair, soft and elastic skin, male dolphins testis symmetry, the same size, female dolphin vulva development is normal. Mating: Black dolphins last for 1-18 hours, with an average of 9 hours. Most estrus time is between 5:00 pm and 5:00 am. After mating with female dolphins, there is a gelatin-like mixture on the vagina mouth. The presence or absence of embolism can determine whether the black dolphins have been successfully mated. Under normal circumstances, the black porpoises that are kept as the original species are all bred using a male-female mating method. That is, only one species of dolphins is kept in each breeding pond. Female dolphins should be allowed to cohabitate after the dolphins are weaned. Breeding; The male dolphins can be put into the blood for half a day after the dolphin is born; the breeding rate and reproduction rate are high. When large herds are raised, 3 to 4 mother dolphins are used for mating in a common black dolphine. Do not put in two male dolphins to prevent fighting and affect breeding. Fertility: female dolphin gestation period is about 68 days, the number of generally 3 to 7 pups, young dolphins after 15 days weaning, separated feeding after weaning, usually under 60-80 days feeding can reach the product requirements. During pregnancy, in addition to increasing the quantity and quality of feed, the site should be kept quiet and clean, and casual workers should not be allowed to enter and leave at random. To ensure that the ration is fresh, eat less meals. In late pregnancy, hay is placed in cages to allow female dolphin nests to be delivered. The black dolphin's lactation period is 15 days in summer and 20 days in winter. Breastfeeding should increase feed nutrition of female dolphins. The black porpoise has a high reproduction rate and strong immunity. The breeding dolphins have a useful life of 3 years and do not require immunization and drug control during the breeding process. (V) Feeding management Feeding management is the key to the breeding of black porpoises, with emphasis on preventing moldy and deteriorating feeds. When the compound feed is fed with the feed, when the pellet feed is fed directly, it should be put in clean water for drinking, or mixed feed to feed, eat small meals, each cost about 40 grams of ration, feed twice a day, keep the trough clean health. After feeding the concentrate, fresh green material is added at the same time. The green material is best fed on the same day of the same day. Each day, the amount of green material collected is about 250 grams to prevent feeding of green materials contaminated with pesticides. The breeding room should be kept quiet. Every day, the faeces should be cleaned and the utensils should be brushed clean. The best room temperature can be maintained at 18 °C -25 °C, the relative temperature of 45% -55%, do warm work in winter. Prevent rodents and snakes from entering the breeding room to create a comfortable living environment for black dolphins. The breeder must be responsible and observant, observe the problem and deal with it in time. Management of the four seasons management in spring: Spring temperature is appropriate, and more green feed should be fed, and breeding should be promoted to maintain a certain density and indoor environmental sanitation. Summer management: In summer, the temperature is relatively high. It is necessary to do a good job of preventing the heat and cooling, strengthen indoor ventilation, keep the room clean and dry, remove the excrement in time, reduce the density, strictly eliminate the poison, strengthen the nutrition, and keep the black porpoise's constitution stable. Autumn management: The autumn days are pleasant, the temperature is pleasant, the indoor floor, cages and utensils are kept clean, the breeding plan is well planned, and more green feed is prepared to prevent the feeding of deteriorated feed. Winter management: In cold weather in winter, warm work should be done to prevent wind from entering, and the density of black dolphins can be properly increased. Due to the lack of supply of green and black fodder in winter, appropriate feeds such as cereals and bran can be properly fed. Black dolphins eat grass, tame temperament, rapid reproduction, fewer diseases, simple feeding methods, less investment, quick effect, it is suitable for laid-off workers, the surplus rural laborers feeding, ages are suitable, so the promotion of black porpoise farming has a good social significance . Can achieve good social and economic benefits. Third, disease prevention Artificial breeding black porpoise can grasp the feeding method, strict management, rarely disease, even if the disease is dead is very rare, if the feed is deteriorating, feeding is sometimes no, green material is not clean, nutrient insufficiency, management Excessive disease can lead to disease. Here are two common diseases. Dilatation disease: Most of the feeds that cause moldy deterioration or drink contaminated water, and eat dehydrated vegetables and vegetables with excessive moisture content, which leads to indigestion, which is often manifested as abdominal swelling, lack of energy, or reduction in or stop feeding. The lips are pale, with many stools and thin or watery, greenish, and rancid. Control methods: find the disease, immediately isolated, fed with chloramphenicol or oxytetracycline and other drugs, can also be used herbs -? Andrographis boiled water fed, even fed 2-3 days, 1-2 times a day, can also be used to wash the roots Let dry and feed. Dry lean disease: Due to a single long-term diet, malnutrition or dry feed, no drinking water, resulting in digestive obstruction and stopping eating, or vomiting stomach disease can not be found in time for treatment, daily weight loss. Control methods: Cod liver oil or egg yolk can be used, cooked soybeans can be mixed with feed, and the daily feed can be restored after 10 days. At the same time add a variety of vitamins for poultry. If the body temperature rises, 2-30000 units of penicillin can be intramuscularly injected twice a day for 3-5 days.
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