Dutch beans, also known as peas, green beans. Its tender pods, tender shoots, and grains can all be eaten with high nutritional value and good taste. Now it has been widely cultivated as a famous high-grade vegetable variety in our province. The Dutch bean products are not only sold domestically, but also exported to Japan and Southeast Asian countries. The cultivation area has been increasing year by year. It is an important vegetable species grown in winter and spring. However, in recent years, with the continuous expansion of planting scale, diseases and insect pests have become more serious. Currently, there are major root rots, powdery mildew, brown spot, rust, bud blight, bean rod fly, and bean field rot. Other pests must be carefully controlled. First, root rot is one of the major diseases that harms the Dutch bean. It is widespread in the province and severely occurs in early winter. 1. Symptoms: The disease is caused by fungi. It can occur from seedlings to adult plants, mainly affecting roots and stem bases. At the time of onset, the leaves gradually yellowed and withered from the bottom up, but did not fall off; the base and roots of the diseased plant stems became brown, the cortex rotted, and the vascular bundles were browned when the stems were cut open, and the whole plant died when severed. If the vegetable field is low-lying, the soil is sticking, the multi-year heavy crop or the basal fertilizer is not cooked, and the weather is hot and humid, the disease is more serious. 2. Prevention: (1) Rational rotation with non-legume crops. (2) Strengthen the cultivation and management: use high sorghum cultivation, timely drainage after the rain, the application of farmyard fertilizer should be fully cooked. (3) Remove the diseased plants in time and disinfect the lime. (4) Chemical control: It is best to use seed dressing with a seed weight of 0.3%, combined with a choice of 10% Shigao 1200x, or 50% carbendazim 500x, or 30% copper oxychloride 500 Double liquid sprayed rhizomes from the beginning of the disease. Second, powdery mildew is one of the most important diseases of the Dutch bean, and it is easy to be popular in the middle and late growth period. 1. Symptoms: The disease is caused by fungi and damages leaves, stems and pods. More than the beginning of the disease from the leaves, the initial appearance of white patches of white spots, and then gradually expanded, and even into a piece, when serious, both sides of the leaves are covered with white powder, dry leaves. White spots appear on stems and stems. In the high humidity, day and night temperature conditions are easy to disease. In addition, poor ventilation, lack of light, excessive watering, and partial application of nitrogen fertilizer are also easily aggravated, and the rainy season is not conducive to the epidemic. 2. Prevention: (1) Strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, increase the application of phosphorus and potash fertilizers, and plant them in a close-packed manner to keep the fields airy and transparent. (2) Chemical control: At the beginning of the disease, 10% of Shigao 1000-1500 times fluid (in severe cases, high dose) is used. Once every 10 days for 2-3 times, the occurrence and development of the disease can be effectively controlled. Lighter fields or new planting areas can be sprayed with 15% triadimefon 1000 times, which has certain control effect. Third, brown spot disease is one of the common diseases of Dutch beans. 1. Symptoms: After the leaves are sick, they produce light brown round spots with obvious edges. The lesions are brownish-oval on the stems, and black dots can be seen in later stages of disease. The disease is a fungal disease. The seeds carry bacteria. High temperature and high humidity weather is conducive to disease. 2. Prevention: (1) Rational rotation and strengthening of field management. (2) Select disease-free seed or seed dressing with 0.3% seed weight. (3) Chemical control: At the beginning of the disease, 30% copper oxychloride is sprayed 600 times or 70% thiophanate-methyl 800 times. In severe cases, it is recommended to use 1500 times the 10% of the world's high. 4. Rust is more likely to occur from April to April each year. 1. Symptoms: mainly damage the leaves and stems. In the early stage of the disease, yellowish-brown small round spots were produced on the back or leaves of the leaves, which later swelled. After the rupture, red-brown powder was scattered. The disease on the stem resembles that of the leaves. The disease is a fungal disease, and the incidence is heavy in the rainy season. 2. Prevention and cure: (1) Select early-maturing varieties and timely sowing to prevent the onset of pre-winter disease. (2) Proper close planting, pay attention to drainage after rain. (3) At the beginning of the disease, 50% sulphur suspension or 15% triadimefon started at 1200 times, once every 10 days, 2-3 times in succession. In areas where the above fungicides produce resistance, or when the disease is severe, 1,500 times more than 10% of Shigao is used for prevention and treatment. Fifth, bud blight, also known as bad head disease, wet rot, occurred in our province in recent years. 1. Symptoms: Mainly injuring young shoots, appearing water-stained at the beginning, and appearing wet and rot afterwards, and rapidly developing on high-temperature and high-humidity weather. When it is further expanded, the pedicures and tinea pedis can also be infected. When the weather is wet, the diseased part has gray hairy molds and large black needles in the middle of the disease. In severe cases, the buds are yellow and rot. The disease is caused by the phytozoa Eumycota spp., and it is heavier in the high temperature and rainy season in summer. 2. Prevention and control: (1) More than 3 years rotation with non-guad crops. (2) Proper close planting, pay attention to ventilation, drainage in time after rain. (3) Timely spraying after rain, first remove the diseased tip, use 30% copper oxychloride (600 times), 75% dcorconazole (600 times) (protective agent) or 58% (66%) Rademil (therapeutic agent) ) Start spraying at the beginning of the disease. 6. The bean fly is also known as the bean blackfly. 1, damage characteristics: mainly larvae drill boring stem damage, resulting in hollow stems, thereby affecting the transport of water and nutrients, so that plants gradually withered. The bean fly body is small, about 2.5 millimeters of adult size, and the body color is dark and bright; the larva is about 3.3 millimeters long and its body color is milky white. 2, prevention and control methods: (1) timely treatment of root vines and straw to reduce overwintering insect sources. (2) Chemical control: Pay attention to the prevention and treatment of seedlings. Before sowing, 1.5 kilograms of muller were used together with basal fertilizer. After emergence of the seed, 1000 times of phoxim, 1,000 times of dimethoate, and 1500-fold pesticide were used. Seven, bean pods, also known as bean field pods, pods wild pods. 1, damage characteristics: larvae damage leaves, flowers, alfalfa, often curled leaf damage or picking flowers and pods, choose to fall into the sky, serious damage, the pupa rate of more than 70%. 2. Prevention and control methods: (1) Remove the damaged soybean pods and bean leaves in time, remove the fallen flowers in the field, and reduce the number of insects. (2) Black light is set in the field to trap and kill adult insects. (3) Chemical control: Pay attention to the prevention and treatment of early-instar larvae (before 3rd age) and early fruit breakage. Spray the drug more than once every 10 days, focusing on spray buds and tender pods. The agent can be used for 5000 times or 5% beta-cypermethrin.
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