What are the diseases of cotton seedlings? What are their characteristics? What are the preventive and technical measures?

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Diseases of cotton seedlings mainly include root diseases and leaf diseases. Root diseases occur from the cotyledon stage to two true leaf stages. Because the roots are too young and their disease resistance is weak, they are susceptible to bacterial infection and rot, often referred to as rot. The three most common are: A. Blight. Diseased young stems appear yellowish lesions near the ground, and then the lesions surround the tender stems, forming dark brown, rotting, becoming sick, weak seedlings and even dead. B, anthrax. The diseased seedlings appear red-brown stripe spots at the junction of rhizomes, and the tissues are hardened, sunken, and cracked. In severe cases, the diseased part turns black, which is called black root disease. When the humidity is high, the lesions have red sticky jelly and the seedlings are withered. Even death. C, red rot. Also known as rot disease, the sprouts begin to develop before the emergence of the sprouts. Although the cotton has germinated, the buds turn yellow-brown and rot dies. In the cotyledon stage, the root tip became yellowish with yellow, and the posterior roots became yellowish-brown. The tender stems and roots became fat and swollen, with segmented yellow-brown lesions, followed by dark brown, dry rot and even death. Leaf diseases occur on the cotyledons or leaves of cotton seedlings. The party must have the following four kinds: A, black spot. Caused by the mixture of several pathogens, mainly occurred in 1 -2 true leaf stage. A lot of black lesions appeared on the leaves of the diseased seedlings, resulting in coking of the cotyledons, yellow-brown lesions on the petiole, development around the petioles, and opening into circumcision, resulting in leaf loss. The lesions of melasma are caused by the development of purple-red infested spots. There are purple-red reaction circles around the lesions, and the lesions are nearly round or irregular. B, stem blight. From late cotton to adult plants can occur, damage leaves and shoots. The lesions on the leaves were pale brown, nearly circular, with purple edges, and some small dark spots (spotted spores) were visible in the spots. The young shoots and petioles are brown spindles, which can cause the shoots to die and the leaf petioles and leaves to wither. C, angular spot disease. It is a bacterial disease that occurs on cotyledons, true leaves, and tender stems. The lesions are initially water-stained and later turn dark brown. In true leaves, it is polygonal due to the limitation of veins, and sometimes lesions are curved along the veins. The development of lesions along the petioles on the cotyledons can infect the cotyledonary nodes. The spots on the tender stems are dark green and develop into dark brown stripes. D. Fusarium wilt during seedling stage. It can occur from the cotyledon stage and peak before and after the seedlings are established. The discolored spots appeared on the leaves of the diseased seedlings. The yellow veins in the yellow veins of the microscopic veins in the spots showed a yellow reticular pattern, and the cotyledons also turned reddish purple and a purple reticular pattern appeared. The appearance of the diseased seedling roots was asymptomatic, but the xylem in the stem was brownish and streaky. In summary, cotton seedling disease is a complex invasive disease of many pathogenic bacteria, and sometimes it is difficult to distinguish the symptoms, and only pathogenic bacteria in the separation phase can confirm the diagnosis. The prevention and control of cotton seedling diseases must first be based on prevention. If the cotton seedlings become ill and then cure, one side is passive, and then, the treatment effect of the existing technical measures is very poor. The measures to prevent the occurrence of cotton seedling diseases are based on the disease transmission route and the characteristics of the infection. The objective is to prevent and control the occurrence of diseases by cultivating strong seedlings and early eradication of pathogens on the seeds and in the soil. To nurture strong seedlings early, we must first select seeds and sow seeds in the sun before sowing. Second, sowing should be appropriate. When the 5 cm ground temperature stably passes through 140C, sufficient planting is performed. After raining again, the rain should be promptly removed by cultivating cultivator, in order to facilitate sunny after warming, and to minimize seed germination time in the soil, prompting roots early lignification, reduce the chance of disease. To destroy the seed bacteria, the method of soaking the seeds for three hours with a warm water (550C-60OC) is usually used. The use of fungicides for seed dressing not only eliminates germs on the seed surface, but also eliminates germs in the soil around the seeds. The commonly used fungicides are 70% pentachloronitrobenzene, 50% polybacillus, 70% mancozeb, 70% thiophanate, and 20% methamidophos. Generally, they are calculated on the basis of effective components and dry seeds. About 0.5% of the amount is mixed with warm water-soaked cottonseed (after drying until the hair is slightly white). In the market, there are some compounding agents approved by the competent national authorities for the treatment of seeds, most of which are mixtures of two or more single agents, such as insecticides and growth regulators mentioned above. Coating agents, seedling maintenance agents, and tannin extracts all have better control effects. After emergence, leaf disease can also be sprayed with 50% carbendazim 800 times, or sprayed with 70% thiophanate-methyl 1000 times. The above fungicides can be used in combination with insecticides for seed dressing, soaking or spraying, so that both diseases and insect pests can be cured.

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