Aquaculture conditions The shrimp farms are selected to be located in the intertidal zone and saline-alkaline region in the small, smooth inner bay and estuary coast; the bottom is impermeable to clay, sandy clay or sandy loam; the salinity in the sea area is 5-35‰. There is no industrial pollution. Ponds are suitable for 20-30 mu and water depth of 2 meters.
Shrimp transport shrimp can be transported by land, water and air transport. Transportation containers are mainly made of cloth and plastic bags. The density of seedlings depends on the size of the shrimp, the length of transportation time and the water temperature. The general time for transporting 10cm shrimp seedlings is about 6 hours, and 1m canvas bucket (about 1/3 water) is used. The density is 200,000 to 300,000. The density of the inflated nylon bag is 0.6-110,000 bags per bag. Pay attention to avoid hot noon transportation, so as to protect against sun and rain.
Intermediate culture refers to the cultivation of large-scale shrimp seedlings. When the artificially-cultivated juvenile shrimp is cultivated to have a strong adaptability, it is stocked again. At present, plastic greenhouses are widely used for raising seedlings in advance. Chinese prawn is mostly cultivated to 2-3 cm in length, so the survival rate when cultivated is generally more than 80%.
Process flow
Qingchi → Influent → Breeding basic bait → Taking seedlings → Breeding management → Harvesting ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
Finishing Drug Filtration Fertilizing Inoculation Intermediate Holding Water Changing Feeding
During the cultivation of bait shrimp, fresh bacon meat and small miscellaneous fish are the best bait. The upper meat and fish are ground and washed into the pond. The daily bait amount is 200-300% of the bait weight.
Prawn has a very wide appetite, so it can also be used as a bait for shrimp, such as shellfish, crustaceans, a variety of fresh fish, frozen fish, dry miscellaneous fish, fish meal to vegetable feed such as peanut cake, bean cake, gluten bran, Mi Fu and so on. In addition, marine yeast, brewer's yeast, various blood meal, brine brine and artificial diet can be used as shrimp feed.
At present, due to the frequent occurrence of viral diseases of shrimps, widespread circulation, and long propagation time, the requirements for shrimp bait have been increased, and artificial diets have been used.
Disease prevention and control Shrimp aquaculture is regulated by the sea in the country. Due to the long history of breeding, the scale of breeding is large. Therefore, there are also quite a lot of diseases in breeding, especially the continuous occurrence of the viral epidemic of shrimp in 1993. The high mortality rate of the spread of shrimp almost extinguished shrimp culture. The following can only summarize the diseases of shrimp culture in China and briefly introduce several major diseases.
1) Disease type:
1 Chinese prawn baculovirus disease, infectious subcutaneous hematopoietic necrosis, and almost enterovirus.
2 Bacterial shrimp disease, red limb disease (red leg disease), rotten eye disease, gill disease, brown spot disease (crustacean disease), aeromonas disease, filamentous bacterial disease, white spot disease.
3 Fungal shrimp disease: white spot disease.
4 Protozoal diseases: microsporidia, cimic ciliate disease, pseudo-cerebellar disease, and piperculosis.
5 non-parasitic shrimp disease: muscle necrosis, rickets, soft shell disease, black shank disease.
2) Several major cases:
1 Chinese prawn baculovirus disease (PCBV disease)
Source: Chinese prawn baculovirus.
Symptoms: Shrimp first stop eating, slow action, poor bouncing, roaming on the surface of the water or lying on the bottom of the pool, and will soon die.
Epidemic situation: This disease occurs in China's prawn, shrimp larvae to shrimp, in the middle of the month in mid-93 occurred in Fujian, and soon spread to the country, the general occurrence of shrimp pond 2-3 days, up to less than a week can be the whole pool The shrimp died.
Prevention and treatment: There are no effective treatment methods for the viral disease of all shrimps so far, mainly prevention.
2 Red leg disease (red limbs)
Sources: mainly isolated solitary bacteria and solitary bacteria, as well as algae solitary bacteria.
Symptoms: The main symptom is that the appendages turn red, especially in the swimming feet; the palatal area in the head and chest is pale yellow. Shrimp are generally swimming slowly around the pool, while Others spin in the water or swim up and down vertically, stop eating, and die shortly afterwards.
Epidemiological situation: Red-leg disease is endemic in shrimp farming areas along the coast of China. It mainly occurs in Chinese prawn. The morbidity and mortality rate can reach more than 90%. It is the disease most harmful to baculovirus except for baculovirus.
Treatment: A, norfloxacin 0.05% or furazolidone 0.1-0.15 or chloramphenicol 0.1% or oxytetracycline 0.2% was mixed into the feed to make a bait and fed continuously for 5 days. B, garlic 1-2% by weight of feed, peeled mash, add a small amount of water, mix well, mix in the compound feed, until the liquid is completely inhaled, you can feed, continuous 3-5 days. C. At the same time as oral administration of the above-mentioned drugs, bleaching powder fine 0.3-0.5ppm or trichloroisocyanuric acid 0.2ppm or bleaching powder 1-2ppm can be used to spray the entire pool, and the effect is better.
3 Ciliate-type pathogens of the phylum: Many species of the suborder of the ciliate ciliate.
Symptoms: Shrimp swimming is slow, feeding capacity is reduced, growth and development stop, can not peel, it will promote the attachment and proliferation of fixed ciliates, resulting in a large number of shrimp death.
Epidemic situation: The main pathogen of the prawn rearing period is the polypene, so it is also called polydenodecosis, and it mostly occurs in the pool of organic matter.
Prevention and control: 1) The occurrence of polydeficiency disease is generally solved by a large number of water changes.
2) The tea pot can be splashed in the whole pool to make the pool water 10-15ppm.
Shrimp transport shrimp can be transported by land, water and air transport. Transportation containers are mainly made of cloth and plastic bags. The density of seedlings depends on the size of the shrimp, the length of transportation time and the water temperature. The general time for transporting 10cm shrimp seedlings is about 6 hours, and 1m canvas bucket (about 1/3 water) is used. The density is 200,000 to 300,000. The density of the inflated nylon bag is 0.6-110,000 bags per bag. Pay attention to avoid hot noon transportation, so as to protect against sun and rain.
Intermediate culture refers to the cultivation of large-scale shrimp seedlings. When the artificially-cultivated juvenile shrimp is cultivated to have a strong adaptability, it is stocked again. At present, plastic greenhouses are widely used for raising seedlings in advance. Chinese prawn is mostly cultivated to 2-3 cm in length, so the survival rate when cultivated is generally more than 80%.
Process flow
Qingchi → Influent → Breeding basic bait → Taking seedlings → Breeding management → Harvesting ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
Finishing Drug Filtration Fertilizing Inoculation Intermediate Holding Water Changing Feeding
During the cultivation of bait shrimp, fresh bacon meat and small miscellaneous fish are the best bait. The upper meat and fish are ground and washed into the pond. The daily bait amount is 200-300% of the bait weight.
Prawn has a very wide appetite, so it can also be used as a bait for shrimp, such as shellfish, crustaceans, a variety of fresh fish, frozen fish, dry miscellaneous fish, fish meal to vegetable feed such as peanut cake, bean cake, gluten bran, Mi Fu and so on. In addition, marine yeast, brewer's yeast, various blood meal, brine brine and artificial diet can be used as shrimp feed.
At present, due to the frequent occurrence of viral diseases of shrimps, widespread circulation, and long propagation time, the requirements for shrimp bait have been increased, and artificial diets have been used.
Disease prevention and control Shrimp aquaculture is regulated by the sea in the country. Due to the long history of breeding, the scale of breeding is large. Therefore, there are also quite a lot of diseases in breeding, especially the continuous occurrence of the viral epidemic of shrimp in 1993. The high mortality rate of the spread of shrimp almost extinguished shrimp culture. The following can only summarize the diseases of shrimp culture in China and briefly introduce several major diseases.
1) Disease type:
1 Chinese prawn baculovirus disease, infectious subcutaneous hematopoietic necrosis, and almost enterovirus.
2 Bacterial shrimp disease, red limb disease (red leg disease), rotten eye disease, gill disease, brown spot disease (crustacean disease), aeromonas disease, filamentous bacterial disease, white spot disease.
3 Fungal shrimp disease: white spot disease.
4 Protozoal diseases: microsporidia, cimic ciliate disease, pseudo-cerebellar disease, and piperculosis.
5 non-parasitic shrimp disease: muscle necrosis, rickets, soft shell disease, black shank disease.
2) Several major cases:
1 Chinese prawn baculovirus disease (PCBV disease)
Source: Chinese prawn baculovirus.
Symptoms: Shrimp first stop eating, slow action, poor bouncing, roaming on the surface of the water or lying on the bottom of the pool, and will soon die.
Epidemic situation: This disease occurs in China's prawn, shrimp larvae to shrimp, in the middle of the month in mid-93 occurred in Fujian, and soon spread to the country, the general occurrence of shrimp pond 2-3 days, up to less than a week can be the whole pool The shrimp died.
Prevention and treatment: There are no effective treatment methods for the viral disease of all shrimps so far, mainly prevention.
2 Red leg disease (red limbs)
Sources: mainly isolated solitary bacteria and solitary bacteria, as well as algae solitary bacteria.
Symptoms: The main symptom is that the appendages turn red, especially in the swimming feet; the palatal area in the head and chest is pale yellow. Shrimp are generally swimming slowly around the pool, while Others spin in the water or swim up and down vertically, stop eating, and die shortly afterwards.
Epidemiological situation: Red-leg disease is endemic in shrimp farming areas along the coast of China. It mainly occurs in Chinese prawn. The morbidity and mortality rate can reach more than 90%. It is the disease most harmful to baculovirus except for baculovirus.
Treatment: A, norfloxacin 0.05% or furazolidone 0.1-0.15 or chloramphenicol 0.1% or oxytetracycline 0.2% was mixed into the feed to make a bait and fed continuously for 5 days. B, garlic 1-2% by weight of feed, peeled mash, add a small amount of water, mix well, mix in the compound feed, until the liquid is completely inhaled, you can feed, continuous 3-5 days. C. At the same time as oral administration of the above-mentioned drugs, bleaching powder fine 0.3-0.5ppm or trichloroisocyanuric acid 0.2ppm or bleaching powder 1-2ppm can be used to spray the entire pool, and the effect is better.
3 Ciliate-type pathogens of the phylum: Many species of the suborder of the ciliate ciliate.
Symptoms: Shrimp swimming is slow, feeding capacity is reduced, growth and development stop, can not peel, it will promote the attachment and proliferation of fixed ciliates, resulting in a large number of shrimp death.
Epidemic situation: The main pathogen of the prawn rearing period is the polypene, so it is also called polydenodecosis, and it mostly occurs in the pool of organic matter.
Prevention and control: 1) The occurrence of polydeficiency disease is generally solved by a large number of water changes.
2) The tea pot can be splashed in the whole pool to make the pool water 10-15ppm.
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