Hand-foot-mouth disease is an infectious disease caused by the enterovirus that occurs in children. The disease can occur throughout the year, often from March to November, and from June to August, it is the peak period. The disease spreads quickly and spreads widely. The age of onset can range from 4 months to 30 years old, but The incidence of infants and young children under the age of 3 is the highest.
What are the symptoms of hand, foot and mouth disease?
1. Fever: Fever is the most common symptom of viral infection.
2. Rash: The so-called hand, foot and mouth disease, refers to the early onset will find oral mucosa (perioral, pharynx), hands, feet and buttocks will appear rash, herpes, inflammatory blush around herpes, less fluid in the hernia . Therefore, it is also a characteristic manifestation of hand-foot-mouth disease, of course, there is also part of tightly manifested pharyngeal herpes, called herpes angina. The rash is painless, itchy, it does not scab, it does not leave spasm, but there is pain in the throat.
3. Similar cold symptoms: There are symptoms of cough, runny nose, loss of appetite and so on.
4. Severe manifestations: A small number of cases (especially those less than 3 years of age) have a rapid progression of the disease, meningeal encephalitis (brain encephalitis is most dangerous), encephalomyelitis, pulmonary edema, and circulatory disorders appear in about 1-5 days after the onset of disease. A very small number of cases are critically ill and can cause death. Survivors can have sequelae. Therefore, once there are signs of progress, moms and dads must not be taken lightly and seek medical attention.
5. Hand-foot-mouth disease is a highly contagious disease, so it is more common in children under the age of 5, so it is easy to gather in places where children, such as kindergartens, schools, and amusement parks gather, and spread through children's contact. Check carefully to find more sources of infection. After exposure, the body lurks for 3 to 6 days and symptoms occur.
How to identify hand, foot and mouth disease?
In general, parents can also identify hand, foot and mouth disease through some simple methods.
Touch: The most typical symptoms of hand-foot-mouth disease are moderate fever (body temperature is around 38°C), sore throats, infants' salivation, and food refusal. During the high incidence of the epidemic, parents should touch the child's forehead and body to see if it has a fever.
Take a look: When you check your mouth, look for multiple herpes on the mucous membranes of the pharynx. If there are papules or herpes at the distal part of the hands or feet, usually the size of rice or mung bean, round or oval, with a flush around, no obvious itching. sense. Some children have rash-like rashes around the anus.
How did the baby get HFMD?
1, for children with mild conditions
More than 98% of children belong to less severe conditions. The principle of treatment is mainly symptomatic treatment. When the body temperature is higher, fever is reduced, some energy is lost to maintain the physical needs of the children, and vitamin B, C and antiviral drugs are taken. Generally, the treatment is simple. can.
Specifically, parents can do this when they are nursing:
(1) Isolation: When the baby is suffering from hand, foot and mouth disease, isolate the baby and avoid cross infection. At the same time, baby's daily supplies should be boiled or exposed to sunlight for disinfection.
(2) Maintaining environmental sanitation: Maintain the comfort of the home environment, ensure air circulation, and keep clothes and bedding clean, and change them frequently. Daily use of lactic acid fumigation for air disinfection.
(3) Light diet: Feed your baby warm boiled water, or some easily digestible, liquid foods, avoid giving the baby cold, spicy and other irritating foods, and don't give the baby drinking acidic drinks with juice.
(4) Oral care: Keep your baby's mouth clean and prevent secondary bacterial infections. The baby can use warm water to gargle after meal, when the oral erosion can be coated with chlortetracycline, cod liver oil and so on.
(5) Drug treatment: parents can use salt water to gargle the baby, or consult a doctor and apply a drug (such as acetaminophen acetaminophen solution) to the baby's painful ulcer surface.
(6) Antipyretics: Help your baby to measure body temperature. If the baby's body temperature exceeds 38.5°C, use physical cooling (warm water to wipe the body or take a bath). If fever cannot be reduced, take antipyretic drugs.
2, for children with severe illness
The child's body temperature is higher and there is a constant high fever. Above 39 degrees, even if the child used some antipyretics. The body temperature went down and it quickly rose back. In addition, the spirit of the child is particularly sluggish, resulting in persistent high fever, loss of appetite, vomiting, coma, convulsions, and fright, especially frightening and convulsions. The condition is obviously worsened, and the skin of the extremities becomes colder, and the flowers are more serious. The microcirculation is poor. Pulmonary edema can also occur at this time and eventually lead to death.
The treatment of severe children is not the same, the drugs used are not the same, a particularly positive method is hormones, can reduce cerebral edema in children, reduce the body's inflammatory response. Some people worry that hormones will not cause bone necrosis and aggravation of the disease. There are also people who say that hormones will not increase weight. Hormones are actually a better medicine, but they must be used correctly when they are used.
How to prevent pediatric hand-foot-mouth disease in spring
1. The baby should wash his hands before meals, after lunch and after going out;
2. During the epidemic of hand-foot-and-mouth disease, fewer babies should be taken to crowded public places to reduce the chance of infection;
3, to maintain indoor cleanliness, ventilation; often baby's cutlery, toys, cleaning and disinfection;
4, for the baby to provide adequate nutrition, and to ensure adequate sleep, in order to enhance the body's immune system.
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