Due to the late growth period of the eggplant cultivation in the open field, the fruit enters the high temperature rainy season soon after harvesting, and the fruit rots seriously, which brings great losses to the production. The use of small arch shed cultivation can solve the above problems well.
1, small arch shed specifications
The plastic small arch shed is 0.4-0.6m high and has a span of 0.7-1.4m. The arch can be covered with steel (6mm), bamboo and wicker, and covered with polyethylene film.
2, variety selection
The cultivation of eggplant in small arch shed is mainly in the early morning of spring. Therefore, in the selection of varieties, varieties with low flowering nodes, high disease resistance, low temperature tolerance and fast fruit expansion should be selected. Such as "Xinxiang Rough Green Eggplant", "Seven Leaf Eggplant", "Luoyang Rough Green Eggplant" and so on.
3, apply enough base fertilizer
Eggplant should not be used for continuous cropping. After the harvest of the former sorghum crop, it should be deep-turned and sun-dried. About 15 days before planting, shallow tillage is carried out, and 75,000 kg of organic fertilizer per hectare, 1200 kg of superphosphate, 750 kg of cake fertilizer and 600 kg of compound fertilizer are applied. Then, a 1.3 m wide cultivation pot and a 0.6 m wide work path were made.
4, cultivate strong seedlings
Cultivate strong seedlings
Early spring small arch shed cultivation is generally carried out in the greenhouse in mid-January. Put the seeds into the container first, then slowly pour 50-55 °C warm water, and continue to stir. When the water temperature drops to about 30 °C, soak the seeds for 24 hours. After the seeds are full of water, remove them and filter out excess water. After the temperature change treatment at 30 ° C for 16 h and at 20 ° C for 8 h, the seeds can be sown when most of the seeds are broken. At the time of sowing, the seedbed was first poured once to pass the ground water. After the water was infiltrated, a layer of fine tidal soil was sifted, and the seeding was evenly spread on the bed surface, and the sieved fine soil of 0.5-1 cm thick was laid. After the seedlings are out, the daytime temperature is controlled at 25-28 °C and at night it is 15-18 °C. 10 days before planting, the seedbed is poured once to the ground water, and ventilation is reinforced to lower the temperature and carry out the seedlings.
Proper planting
In late March, when the eggplant seedlings had 7-8 true leaves, the plant height was 15-20 cm and 90% of the plants were budded, they were colonized. The membrane was buckled 1 week before colonization to increase the ground temperature. The row spacing is 30cmx35cm, and 60-67,500 plants are planted per hectare. When planting, choose a sunny morning, try to finish it, cover the film after planting, and cover the grass at night.
5, field management
Pengwen management
After planting is not leaked to the front Huanmiao night reclosable grass thatch; Huanmiao timely ventilation, air volume should be small to large, Pengwen maintained at about 25 deg.] C; at night frost grass thatch may be torn off. Mid-May, combined earth ridge, down the films, seedling dig rupture, films change "celestial dome" as "the cover", piecemeal Shed mulching cultivation of the ground.
Fertilizer and water management
One week after planting, small shed open end, pouring water Huanmiao; sealing ridge when the earth, the combination of water per hectare fertilizer furrow 225-300kg, 150kg urea; Dunmiao after appropriate water control, the door to be most eggplant of stare into each 7-10d water pouring 1, and applied per hectare Debris decomposition of organic fertilizer 15000 kg.
Silk flower
When the eggplant is flowering, the temperature is lower at this time, which affects the development of the powder and the fruit. The 2,4-D scented flower with a concentration of 20-30 ml/kg can be used, and the eggplant can be naturally pollinated and solidified with the increase of temperature.
Pruning
The density of eggplant cultivated in small arch shed is large. It is necessary to pay attention to pruning and picking leaves to increase light transmission, so that nutrients concentrate long fruit and promote early maturity. The small powers below the eggplant should be removed in time; after the harvest, the yellow disease leaves below the eggplant should be removed to promote ventilation and light transmission and reduce disease. At the same time, the deformed eggplant should be removed as soon as possible. In addition, when the plant is too dense, a field seedling method can also be adopted to improve the light transmission condition in the shed.
Pest Control
The main diseases of eggplant are verticillium, brown streak and cotton blight. 3-5 years of rotation can effectively control Verticillium wilt; in the hot and rainy season, 80% mancozeb WP 500 times or 75% chlorothalonil 600 times solution can be used to control brown streak and plague . The insect pests of eggplant are red spider and sassafras, which can be sprayed with 70% of the 1500 times solution of yoghurt.
6, harvesting
The eggplant is easy to fall and should be harvested in time. Generally, when the light-colored annulus at the junction of the eggplant chop and the fruit is narrowed or not obvious, it can be harvested. The solanaceous stalk has a higher degree of lignification. It is easy to break the branches when picking the fruit, and the fruit stalk is broken. It is best to cut the stalks of the stalks with fruit branches and cut them, which should be harvested in the morning. Timely harvesting can promote the plant to continue to sit fruit, increase the fruit set rate, accelerate the growth of the fruit, increase the total output, and increase income.
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