The management of apricot trees is very important in the spring. In addition to the low fruit setting rate, the main reason is that the ability of apricots to resist the low temperature during sprouting and flowering period is greatly reduced. The flowering period is lower than -3.9, the flowering period is lower than -2.2, and the young fruit period is lower than -0.6, when the low temperature time exceeds 30 minutes, it is prone to frost damage, so the management of sprouting and flowering of apricot trees is critical.
I. Management of the flower and fruit period
1. Delay flowering and increase fruit setting rate. The apricot tree has short dormancy period, early flowering and the flowers and flowers are vulnerable to the late bloom. Therefore, how to postpone the flowering period and increase the fruit setting rate is a common concern for fruit growers to prevent late frost damage. Winter cuttings are used in conjunction with the summer topping and the axillary buds are used. Flowering late) results can reduce the risk of late frost, increase its effective flower rate and natural fruit setting rate; early spring watering to reduce ground temperature, early spring trunk whitening is conducive to delaying flowering, avoiding late frost damage; when the weather forecast has frost, can be in the apricot On the ascendant, every 50 meters of prepared aerosols are smoke-free by means of smoke-free method; 0.8-1.5% of saline can also be sprayed before germination, and the effect of delaying the flowering period and enhancing the antifreeze capacity of the flower is received; the fruit setting rate is increased and the bee is released at the flowering stage. The apricot pollen amount is large, and it is generally not a problem to pollinate the apricot orchard with pollinated species and insect activity. However, it is best to carry out the flowering bee and put one bee per 5 mu of land during the flowering period, or put 100 beetles per mu; artificially assisted pollination can be used to pollinate insects in adverse weather conditions or a single variety of orchard. Artificially assisted pollination methods such as artificial pointing, feather pollination, powder spray, etc. In the first 1 to 2 days before flowering, pollen varieties of big buds, or first flowers, were prepared for pollen preparation. Pollen, urea, and water were 1:1.5:500 after the pollen was mixed. Spray immediately to prevent prolonged soaking of pollen. Spraying water, boron, urea, and high winds in dry weather can spray 2 or 3 times clean water, or 0.3% boric acid, or 0.3% urea + 0.3% boric acid at full bloom.
2, thinning fruit. The effective flower rate of different apricot varieties is as high as 10 to 85%, and the natural fruit setting rate may reach 10 to 55%. If you do not pay attention to fruit thinning on excessive varieties, on the one hand it will affect fruit quality such as fruit size increase. On the other hand, due to too many fruit set, it will consume a lot of tree nutrients, resulting in serious fruit size. In this case, it is very important to remove too many young fruit. In order to achieve a stable effect, artificial fruit removal can be used. After 20 days of flowering, the pests, fruit, fruit and fruits were removed and then the fruit was removed. The standard of fruit thinning is medium and small fruit varieties. According to the fruit ratio of 15 to 20:1, the large fruit varieties can be preserved at a ratio of 25:1 leaf fruit or 1 fruit per distance of 5 to 8 cm.
Second, soil fertilizer management
1, soil fertilizer. The apricot tree grows 3 to 4 times a year during the growing season. The first time is about 15 days before flowering, and the available nitrogen fertilizer is the dominant species. Mature trees have 0.5 to 1.0 kg per plant. The second time in the hard-core period, urea 0.5-1.0 kg, potassium sulfate 1 kg, superphosphate 1 kg, or diammonium phosphate 1-1.5 kg per plant were applied. After harvesting for the third time, mature tree plants applied 1 kg of urea, 0.5 kg of diammonium phosphate and 0.5-1 kg of potassium sulfate. The top-dressing method is to apply the fertilizer mixture after opening the shallow groove in the tree tray, seal the soil immediately after application, and then water it.
2, foliar spray fertilizer. The top-dressing fertilizer can be combined with apricot orchard pest control, spraying leaf fertilizer at the same time as the spraying, spraying 300 to 500 times of urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the fruit expanding period and hard nuclear period, spraying 200 times urea after harvesting the fruit. And potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
3, irrigation. According to the climate characteristics of Shanxi Province, the apricot is irrigated at least 3 to 4 times a year. The first time the flower buds begin to sprout, it can not be later than 12 days before flowering. This time the water should be filled to ensure not only flowering and fruit setting. Needed, but can delay flowering to reduce night frost damage. The second water is in the hard core stage. After the third water is applied to the base fertilizer, the last water is poured before the soil is frozen.
III. Integrated pest management
Pests harmful to apricot trees are mainly locusts, red spiders, scale insects, and red neck beetles. The main diseases are fluidosis, brown rot, and bacterial perforation. Prevention and control of apricot pests should be mainly prevention and comprehensive control. The use of high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue, biological pesticides or chemical pesticides that have a light lethal effect on natural enemies uses different types of pesticides alternately. The time of the fight, the objects to be controlled, and the types and concentrations of the agents are as follows.
1, before spraying 5 Baume degrees lime sulfur solution. Prevention of scale insects and various diseases.
2. After spraying 15 to 20 days, spray 50% carbendazim 800 to 1000 times +10% imidacloprid 3000 times to prevent and control various diseases and aphids. After every 15 days, spray a fungicide to continue to prevent and treat diseases.
3. Before the autumn harvest, spray 15% broom net or 1.8% Qiqisu 4000 times liquid and +10% cypermethrin 800 to 1000 times to control red spiders and other insect pests.
4. Chrysanthemum-rich pesticides are used to prevent and control various insect pests after harvesting.
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