First, the "three elements" of experimental design
1. Experimental subjects:
The materials used in the experiment are the experimental objects. For example, mice are used as experiments, and the mice are the experimental subjects of this experiment, or called subjects. The suitability of the choice of experimental subjects is directly related to the difficulty of the implementation of the experiment, as well as the evaluation of the novelty and innovation of the experiment. The total amount of experimental material required in a complete experimental design is called the sample content. It is best to estimate a suitable sample content based on the specific design type. Samples that are too large or too small have drawbacks.
2. Experimental factors:
All the conditions affecting the experimental results are called influencing factors, the purpose of the experimental research is different, and the requirements for the experiment are also different. The influencing factors are objective and subjective, mainly divided into secondary factors. Researchers hope that through research and design, there are planned arrangements, so that the factors that can scientifically examine the size of their effects are called experimental factors (such as the type of drug, dose, concentration, time of action, etc.); The factors that the researchers do not want to examine are called block factors or important non-experimental factors (such as animal nests, body weight, etc.); the combined effects of many uncontrolled factors are collectively referred to as experimental errors. It is best to use some preliminary experiments to initially screen the experimental factors and determine which levels are appropriate, so as not to make the experimental design too complicated and difficult to complete.
3. Experimental effect:
The reaction produced on the experimental unit when the experimental factors take different levels is called the experimental effect. The experimental effect is a sign that reflects the strength of the experimental factors, and it must be reflected by specific indicators. It is necessary to combine professional knowledge and use as many objective indicators as possible. Under the conditions allowed by instruments and reagents, objective indicators with high specificity, high sensitivity, accuracy and reliability should be selected as much as possible. For some semi-objectives (such as reading the values ​​on the pH test paper) or subjective indicators (for the judgment of some qualitative indicators), it is necessary to prescribe the strict criteria for reading the values, in order to accurately analyze the results of their experiments, and thus Greatly improved the credibility of their experimental results.
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