No radiotherapy equipment, how to do radiotherapy research?

The three major methods of cancer treatment, surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy. Surgery, each oncology surgeon conducts research on the operating table every day. Chemotherapy is currently the most studied place in clinical basic research in the three major approaches. Radiotherapy, clinical basic research is always carried out in a tepid manner. The reason is that. Listening to radiotherapy doctors, in fact, from a clinical point of view, many cancer treatments, radiotherapy is better than surgery and chemotherapy. Ji Bo does not discuss the difference in their clinical application here because there is not much understanding. I only say that in a clinical basic study, radiotherapy appears to have less research reasons and experimental conditions. Because of the need for radiation, special instruments are needed. The instruments used in clinical practice are not allowed to be used for scientific research. There are instruments for scientific research, and Ji Bote inquired about it. There is an instrument called CellRad (Jisheng Medicine), which can be used for X-ray related research of animals and cells. Very happy to go to Jisheng Medicine to understand the specific situation and found that the price is not cheap. In view of the many teachers who do radiotherapy, the funds are not sufficient, and it is not afford to have such an instrument. Where, I will do it.

What is the principle of radiotherapy? Borrowing Baidu’s words, “The so-called radiation therapy is the use of radiation (such as X-rays, γ-rays, etc.) for tumors or internal or external irradiation, using normal tissue and tumor tissue to have different biosensitivity to radiation and killing tumor tissue. Kind of treatment." To put it more simply, the tumor cells proliferate rapidly, and if the DNA is broken by irradiation with radiation, the cells can easily survive. In fact, many chemotherapy drugs are also the principle. However, the DNA caused by radiation is a double-strand break (DSB). Knowing this principle, is there a radioactive substitute to cause DNA double-strand breaks, which makes it easier for us to conduct radiotherapy research in the laboratory?

Because DNA damage repair is a hot spot in the field of cancer drug target development. For example, this year's relatively hot PARP inhibitor drugs. Therefore, Ji Bo is particularly concerned about this issue. I will share two articles for you today.

Chromatin relaxation in response to DNA double-strand breaks is modulated by a novel ATM and KAP-1 dependent pathway.2006. Nature cell biology.

The ATM Kinase Induces MicroRNA Biogenesis in the DNA Damage Response. 2011. Molecular cell.

Both articles are more than ten, and they are highly informative.

The old rules, do not look at the detailed research, but look at the radiation test conditions we have just raised, these two articles are more than the above solution.

First article

"DSBs in DNA are induced by cellular metabolites, normal DNA transactions and environmental agents, such as ionizing radiations and radiomimetic chemicals."

In fact, DNA double-strand breaks occur frequently in cells and can be caused by cellular metabolism or environmental factors, such as ionizing rays in the environment. When I saw the radiometic chemicals, I was a little happy. It turned out to be a radiation simulant.

What is used is "shortly after treatment of human cells with the DSB-inducing chemical neocarzinostatin (NCS)". Neocarzinostatin is a chemical reagent. The figure below is a concentration gradient experiment.

Second article

MEFs were treated with a radiomimetic drug, neocarzinostatin (NCS) that generated DSBs.

It is said directly that NCS is a radiation mimic, causing DNA double-strand damage.

This 2011 article is an experiment conducted with the chemical inducer of NCS.

In the 2006 article, most of the experiments used NCS, a chemical inducer, and a small number of experiments used a radiological instrument.

OK. In our radiotherapy research, we can actually do this, using chemical inducers for research. If you are not at ease, verify the new functional genes found by chemical inducers on the radiology instrument. Of course, the premise is that you can find the instrument to experiment. Otherwise, follow the 2011 Molecular cell article.

DNA damage repair has two sides in the tumor. When a tumor occurs, it is caused by DNA damage repair, resulting in DNA mutation, and the cell acquires a malignant phenotype and causes tumor. Therefore, tumorigenesis requires a DNA damage repair system. In cancer treatment, whether it is chemotherapy or radiotherapy, tumor cells recruit residual DNA damage repair system to resist DNA damage caused by chemotherapy drugs or radiotherapy, and ultimately lead to chemotherapy resistance of tumor cells. Drug and radiotherapy resistance. Therefore, in the case of tumor resistance or radiotherapy resistance, it is necessary for the DNA damage repair system to function again.

For example, in breast cancer, BRCA gene mutations, DNA damage repair system problems, easily lead to breast cancer.

In breast cancer chemotherapy, patients with BRCA mutations are particularly dependent on residual DNA repair genes to combat DNA damage caused by chemotherapy drugs. This type of residual DNA repair gene, now the most famous is PARP. This year the FDA passed its new inhibitor drug.

OK, whether it is the search for sensitive genes for radiotherapy or the search for radioresistant genes, the functional genes are explored on the cells, and when there is no large amount of money, chemical mimics are used. When you have money, buy an experimental instrument and go to the instrument to verify.

I wish you all the best.

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